【王府英语】英语词汇、短语、句型、语法及历年高考真题解释汇编

【王府英语】【英语9选修unit 2】错误纠正：set loose：释放，放出
【英语9选修unit 2】单元词汇表和按字母顺序词汇表关于set loose 给出的释义为：set off 出发，开始。
这一释义是错误的，《世纪版••新英汉词典》（上海译文出版社）给出的释义为set loose：释放，放出。
【英语9选修unit 2英文原句】You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like when arriving in Timor over forty days after being set loose in our small ship.（注：受百度限制，英文小船的单词已改动）
【英语9选修unit 2英文原句中文译文】你简直无法想象我们被放在小船上漂白了40天后在帝汶岛登陆时的凄惨样子。（英语9选修••教师教学用书）
教材词汇表将set loose和set off混为一谈是错误的，这两词组的意思不同。set off和set out同义：出发，开始。

【王府英语】【英语11选修 教师教学用书】答案错误纠正及补充
【英语11选修•Unit2】Workbook第60页Listening(听力)：
3 Place in order the things that Holmes did in his investigation：
① He knocked on the door of the shop.
② He knocked his stick on the pavement.
③ He talked to the assistant, asking directions to Fleet Street.
④ He counted the steps to the end of the street.
⑤ He went to see Mr Wilson’s shop.
A ②⑤①③④ B ⑤②①③④ C ⑤①③②④ D ①③⑤④②
【英语11选修•教师教学用书】提供的答案为C。【王府英语】认为正确答案应为B。
【英语11选修•Unit3】Workbook第76页Error Correction(短文改错)：
Some research have shown that optimistic people are luckier in their careers and social life than those……
【英语11选修•教师教学用书】提供的答案为将have改为has。【王府英语】认为也可将research改为researches，而保持have不变，因为research既可用作不可数名词，也常用于可数名词复数形式（比较正式）。

【王府英语】【词汇解释】关于“research”的补充说明
以下例句摘自《世纪版•新英汉词典》（上海译文出版社）：
research ①探究，研究：a research for facts 对事实进行调查 / researches after hidden treasure 探寻藏匿的财宝 ②[常作researches]研究（工作）：make scientific researches on 对…进行科学研究 / a research into the causes of cancer 癌症原因的研究 / researches in Asian and African literatures 亚非文学的研究 / Their researches have been fruitful. 他们的研究已有成果。
以下文字摘自《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）：
research /n also又作 researches formal【正式】
以下文字摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典•第6版》（商务印书馆）：
research /noun (also re-searches [pl.] especially in BrE

【王府英语】【词汇解释】something：重要的事情，了不起的人
So perhaps there was something in this enquiry. 所以，这次调查还是向我们揭示了一些重要的东西。【英语11选修•Unit3第27页】
Don’t make something of yourself. 别自命不凡了。
He is really something. 他真是了不起。
There is something in what you say. 你的话有些道理。
【2011年四川卷第3题】There is ______ in his words. We should have a try.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
答案：A

【王府英语】【语法解释】现在进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时都可表示将来
中学初高中英语老师在教学时，常认为将来进行时只能表示将来某个时刻正在进行的或持续的动作。这种认识也常常体现在许多初高中练习及考题中，强化了学生的这种认识。然而，这种理解是片面的。实际上，将来进行时和一般将来时一样，也可表示纯粹的将来的动作。这一用法比较正式和生动，而用现在进行时表示将来则比较口语法。
《学生双语报》第4期高1人教新课标版《必修1Unit3 Travel Journal 单元测试题》（2011年9月8日出版）
21. Miss Dorothy has won a 7-day holiday to Thailand and she _____ her mum.
A. has taken B. is taking C. take D. will be taking
原答案为B，【王府英语】认为选项D也正确。
26. My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, _____ next month.
A. retires B. is retiring C. retired D. will be retiring
原答案为B，【王府英语】认为选项D也正确。
（2006年昆明市中考）46. The summer vacation will begin next week. David _____ to stay with us.
A. will be coming B. comes C. come D. is coming
原答案为D，【王府英语】认为选项A也正确。
以下例句摘自《新概念英语2》Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys(关键句型)
1. 我明天去你家。（以下两句表达的意思相同）
I’ll come to your house tomorrow.
I’ll be coming to your house tomorrow.
2. 他马上就到。（以下两句表达的意思相同）
He’ll arrive in a minute.
He’ll be arriving in a minute.
3. 他将乘4点钟的火车。（以下两句表达的意思相同）
He’ll catch the 4 o’clock train.
He’ll be catching the 4 o’clock train.
4. 我下周见你。（以下两句表达的意思相同）
I’ll see you next week.
I’ll be seeing you next week.
5. 她将去车站接他。（以下两句表达的意思相同）
She’ll meet him at the station.
She’ll be meeting him at the station.

【王府英语】【短语解释】make of：从…中得出结论；了解，理解；对待，处理
This is a common assessment made of students with high scores in school. 这是人们对学校里学习成绩好的学生的一种普遍评语。【英语11选修•Unit3•第22页】
I didn’t know what to make of it at first. 我起初不懂得这是什么意思。(此句中what作make的宾语，不能用how代替)【英语11选修•Unit2•第18页】
What did you make of it? 你从中听出了什么吗？(此句中what作make的宾语，不能用how代替)
Can you make anything of what he says? 从他说的话中你能得出什么结论吗？
What do you make of his statement? 你怎么理解他的话？(此句中what作make的宾语，不能用how代替)
I know not what to make of him. 我不知道怎么对待他才好。(此句中what作make的宾语，不能用how代替)
I didn’t know what to make of her. 我不知道如何看待她。(此句中what作make的宾语，不能用how代替)
What do you make of the idea? 你对这个主意有什么看法？ (此句中what作make的宾语，不能用how代替)
以上例句均选自《人教版教材•英语11选修》及其配套的《英语11选修•教师教学用书》，《世纪版•新英汉词典》（上海译文出版社）和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【王府英语】【句型解释】As表示“虽然，尽管”时，其引导的状语从句必须倒装
当As表示“虽然，尽管”时，其引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装句。即将让步状语从句中作表语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词、作谓语的实意动词提前，而不将系动词、Auxiliary Verbs和情态动词提前；提前的名词前不带冠词。
Frightened as she was, Pandora cautiously opened the box in time. 潘多拉尽管害怕，她最终还是小心翼翼地打开了这个盒子。【人教版教材•英语11选修•第86页】
Dangerous as a vet’s job is, it is significant to the human race. 兽医的工作尽管危险，但对人类意义重大。【人教版教材•英语11选修•第92页】
Sick as he was, he came to work. 他虽然有病，还是来上班了。
Much as I like it, I will not buy it. 虽然我很喜欢这东西，但不想买它。
Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid. 尽管他们很勇敢，但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。
Man as he was, he behaved like a woman. 他虽然是个男人，举止却像个女人。
Try as he would/might, he couldn’t open the safe. 他虽然尽了最大努力，但还是打不开保险箱。
Much as I like you, I couldn’t leave her. 尽管我很喜欢你，我却不可能离她而去。
以上例句选自《世纪版•新英汉词典》（上海译文出版社）和《新时代英汉大词典》（商务印书馆）。
【2011年全国Ⅰ卷第22题】Try _____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. if B. when C. since D. as
答案：D。此句选自《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）
当though表示“虽然，尽管”时，上述用法也适用于连词though。上面所有例句和例题中的as都可用though代替。

【王府英语】【短语解释】for good (and all) 永久地，永远地
Say good-bye for good and all. 永别。《新时代英汉大词典》（商务印书馆）
The injury may keep him out of football for good. 这次受伤可能会使他永远告别足球。《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）
This time she’s leaving for good (=she will never return). 她这次走是再也不会回来了。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典•第6版》（商务印书馆）
The fact that she was wandering round the town at midnight does not mean she had left home for good. 她半夜在城里闲逛这一事实并不意味着她已永远地离家而去。【人教版教材•英语8选修•第2单元•第14页】
He has agreed to give up cars for good. 他已同意永远地放弃开车。【人教版教材•英语10选修•第54页】
How did you feel when you were going to be away from the old house for good? 当初你将要永远地告别自己的老房子时，心情如何？ 《大学英语专业教材•综合教程•第一册•学生用书》（上海外语教育出版社）

【王府英语】【短语辨析】rather than 和 other than
rather than：与其；不愿；而不是
I think I’ll have a cup of cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
He insisted on having the room papered rather than painted. 他坚持把房间贴上壁纸而不是粉刷。
Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他把那些蔬菜半价卖了，而没有让它们就那么腐烂了。
The parents should be blamed rather than the children. 应该受到责备的是父母而不是孩子。
I think you’d call it a lecture rather than a talk. 我认为，与其说这是交谈，不如说是演讲。
other than：除了；除……以外
There is nobody here other than me. 这里除了我以外没有别人。
You cannot get there other than by boat. 你除了乘船以外没有别的办法到那里。
All parts of the house other than the window were in good condition. 除了窗子外，屋子里的其他部分都很好。
以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》，《世纪版•新英汉词典》（上海译文出版社）和《新英汉词典•增补本》（上海译文出版社）。
【2011年全国Ⅰ卷第30题】The form cannot be signed by anyone _____ yourself.
A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than
答案：B。（除了你本人外，其他人不得签署此表。）
【2011年合肥市高三联考】The spokesman said that Japan should, _____ ignore its aggressive past, reflect on its own history and its current policies.
A. more than B. other than C. better than D. rather than
答案：D。（那个发言人说日本应该反省他们的历史和现在的政策，而不是忽视过去的侵略。）

【王府英语】【句型解释】With 引导的独立主格结构的七种形式：
⑴ With + 名词（代词）+ 形容词
She used to sleep with the windows open. 她过去常常开着窗户睡觉。
⑵ With + 名词（代词）+ 副词
With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room. 史密斯先生不在，我们的空间更大了。
⑶ With + 名词（代词）+ 介词短语
The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm. 那位男士在街上走着，胳膊下夹着一本书。
⑷ With + 名词（代词）+ 动词不定式
With all this work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. 有这么多工作要做，我不知道我是不是有时间出去。
⑸ With + 名词（代词）+ 现在分词
In some parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person. 在亚洲的某些地区，你不可以坐着把脚翘起来对着别人。
⑹ With + 名词（代词）+ 过去分词
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 谋杀犯被带了进来，他的双手被反绑在背后。
⑺ With + 名词（代词）+ 名词
He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul. 他离开了家，他的妻子十分伤心。
【注】全文摘自《教材完全解读•高中英语•必修1•人教版》（中国青年出版社）

【王府英语】【句型解释】关于all，both 和 every 的部分否定
⒈ not all...(或all…not), 表示“并非都……;；不是所有的都……”。
All that glitters is not gold. (= Not all gold glitters.) 发光的并不都是金子。
All men cannot be masters. (= Not all men can be masters.) 并非人人都能成为大师。
All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。【人教版教材•英语1必修•第4单元•第26页】
All is not lost. 并不是一切都没有希望了。【人教版教材•英语11选修•第3单元•第23页】
⒉ not...both (或both…not), 表示“并非两个都……”。
I don’t want both books. 我不是两本书都要。
Both (the) windows were not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。
⒊ not every, 表示“不是每……都……”。
Not every book is interesting. (=Every book is not interesting.) 不是每本书都有趣。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。
This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。
⒋ 如要对上述的all，both以及every等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之对应的全否定词，如no，none，neither等，如：
All of them can do it. → None of them can do it,
Both are good. → Neither is good.
Everybody likes it. → Nobody likes it.
【注】全文摘自《人教版•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【王府英语】【句型解释】only引导倒装句
当only修饰副词或状语又放在句首时，这个句子要局部倒装（注：即将系动词、Auxiliary Verbs和情态动词提前）。
Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。【人教版教材•英语1必修•第5单元•第34页】
Only recently have I allowed myself to think of that again. 只有到了最近我才让自己再考虑这件事。
Only in this way can you solve the problem, I think. 我想，只有这样你才能解决问题。
Only when we studied the data once more did we realize there was a mistake. 只有我们再次研究了这些数据之后，才意识到其中有一个错误。
有时only虽置于句首，但如果修饰主语，句子则不需倒装。
Only some of the children seemed to have understood what I said. 似乎只有几个孩子理解了我所说的话。
Only one thing can make him change his mind. 只有一件事才能使他改变主意。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语1必修•教师教学用书》
【2011年全国Ⅰ卷第28题】Only when he reached the tea-house _____ it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize
答案：D。（只有到了茶馆时，他才意识到这是他去年来过的同一地方。）

【王府英语】【语法解释】定语从句（一）
1. 在定语从句里起宾语作用的关系代词常可省去，如：
Have you found the CD-ROM (which/that) you want? 你找到所需要的CD-ROM光盘了吗？
The stranger (whom/who/that) I spoke of came again this morning. 我提到过的那个陌生人今天早上又来了。
但是，当关系代词紧跟介词，作介词的宾语时，只可用whom或which，此时的关系代词不能省略，如：
The book from which we got a lot of useful information was written by him. 我们从中得到许多有用信息的那本书就是他写的。
（比较：The book (which/that) we got a lot of useful information from was written by him.）
Is the boy to whom you were talking a moment ago called Jackson? 你刚才和他谈话的男孩是叫杰克逊吗？
（比较：Is the boy (whom/who/that) you were talking to a moment ago called Jackson?）
2. 当先行词是all，anything，something，nothing等不定代词时，关系代词通常用that，如：
All that live must die. 有生必有死。
She couldn’t understand anything (that) they had told her. 他们告诉她的话她一句也听不懂。
3. 当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，其后的关系代词一般选用that，如：
Newton was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. 牛顿是迄今最伟大的科学家之一。
4. 当先行词同时含有人和物时，关系代词一般用that，如：
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited there. 我们在那儿访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
5. 有时，关系代词可以在定语从句中作表语，这时只能用that，而且常可省略。
Dr Adams still talks like the man (that) he was ten years ago. 亚当斯医生讲起话来还是像十年前的样子。
That is not an easy question (that) you think to be. 这个问题并不像你想象得那么简单。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语1必修•教师教学用书》

【王府英语】【语法解释】定语从句（二）
一、As在定语从句中作主语或宾语，常用于两种情况：①代替前面的整个句子；②当先行词是such或the same 或先行词被such或the same修饰时：
As we expected, our class won the match. (作宾语)
As is known to everyone, Edison discovered electricity. (作主语)
He was able to give such advice as was considered helpful to others. (作主语)
I have never heard of things such as he said. (作宾语)
He made the same explanation to me as he had made to his other friends. (作宾语)
You have made mistakes the same as (you made) last time. (作宾语)
二、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况：
①先行词为不定代词时，如all，much，little，everything，something，anything，nothing，none，no one等。
I have said all (that) I want to say.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
②先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰或本身就是最高级、序数词时。
This is the best film that has been shown in the city.
We’ll never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.
③先行词被the only，the very，the last，just，all，every，no，little，few，any等词修饰时。
This is the very book (that) I want to buy.
There is little work (that) you can do.
The only thing (that) I can do is to have a rest.
④先行词既有人和物时。
They talked about the men and the things that they saw.
⑤当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night?
Who is the man that is reading over there?
⑥先行词作主句的表语时。
China isn’t the country (that) it used to be.
⑦主句是there be结构时，修饰其主语的定语从句用that引导。
There is a table in the corner that is folded away.
三、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况：
①当关系代词前有介词时。
This is the house in which he once lived.
②引导非限制定语从句时。
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
③一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。
He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him to kill time.
④当先行词本身是that时。
The clock is that which tells the time.
【注】全文摘自《教材完全解读•高中英语•必修1•人教版》（中国青年出版社）