回复：【王府英语】英语词汇、短语、句型、语法及历年高考真题解释

【短语解释】spend…on…/(in) doing…：花钱、花时间做某事
She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的时间来观察并记录它们的日常活动。【人教版教材•英语4必修•第1单元•第2页】
He spent all his savings on a new car. 他花光全部积蓄买了一辆新车。
He spent about a third of his salary (in) drinking. 他把薪水的三分之一左右花在了喝酒上。
He spent his whole life looking after the poor. 他毕生的时间都花在照顾穷人上。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语4必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】lead to：导致(某种)结果，造成
lead to：导致(某种)结果，造成…（to为介词）
Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 很多化学成分能导致癌症或者他疾病。【人教版教材•英语4必修•第2单元•第14页】
This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。
Closing the factory will lead to 300 job losses. 关闭这个工厂会导致300人失业。
lead sb to do sth：使得、引导（某人做某事）
What led you to take up acting as a career? 是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？
Ian’s death led me to rethink what I wanted out of life. 伊恩的死让我重新思考自己的生活追求。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语4必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】concentrate on：全神贯注于
So you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested. 如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。【人教版教材•英语5必修•第4单元•第26页】
Can you turn the music down, please? I can’t concentrate (on my lessons). 你能把收音机关小一点儿吗？我不能集中注意力（做功课）。
If you want to pass your examinations, you’ll have to concentrate on your listening skills. 如果你想通过考试，就得注意你的听力技巧。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语5必修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】wish后的宾语从句（虚拟语气）
①含义：针对现状表达愿望（与事实相反）；动词形式：一般过去式
I wish I had a little lab of my own. 但愿有一间属于我自己的小实验室。
②含义：对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔；动词形式：过去完成时
I wish you had let me know earlier. 你早些让我知道就好了。
③含义：针对将来表达愿望（虽然可能性极小，但有实现的可能）；动词形式：would/could/might + 动词原形
I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more. 希望你别再抽烟。
I wish he could come tomorrow. 我希望他明天能来。
She sincerely wished that she might do something to comfort him. 她真切地希望能做点什么来安慰他。
说明：wish后的宾语从句中常用were代替was，例如：
I wish Tesla were here now. 但愿特斯拉现在在这儿。
动词hope后面不用虚拟语气，而用相应的时态表达与过去、现在或将来有关的希望，例如：
I hope you weren’t late. 我希望你没有迟到。
I hope you are ready. 我希望你已经准备好了。
I hope he comes tomorrow. 我希望他明天来。（可用一般现在时表达将来）
We hope you’ll be very happy. 我们希望你非常幸福。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】scores of：很多
There are scores of modern art styles. 如今，现代艺术风格有好多种。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第1单元•第3页】
I have heard that scores of times. 那件事我已经听过很多遍了。
Scores of people attended the special performance. 很多人参加那个特殊的演出。
A score of people were present at the party. 有20人参加了聚会。
Two score of those people wanted to fly there. 那些人中有40人想乘飞机去那儿。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】take it/things easy：不要紧张，放松一些，慢一点
We would have won if we hadn’t taken it easy. 我们本来会得冠军，如果我们没有放松警惕。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第2单元•第10页】
You’ve done quite enough work for today；now take it easy for an hour. 今天你做的工作足够了，现在休息一下。
The doctor said that Bob would have to take things easy for a while after he had his tonsils out. 医生说，扁桃体切除后，鲍勃要休养一断时间。
Sit down and take it easy. 坐下，放松。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】run out (of) / use up：用完(材料)，耗尽(精力)
We would have won if we hadn’t run out of energy. 我们本来会得冠军，如果我们没有精疲力竭。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第2单元•第10页】
The petrol is running out. 汽油快用光了。
We are running out our time. = Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
I’ve used up all the glue. 我把胶水用光了。
She used up the chicken bones to make soup. 她把鸡骨头全用来熬汤了。
use up all his strength 用尽他全身的力气
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】due to：归因于，归功于
I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。【人教版教材•英语6选修•第3单元•第18页】
Her worldwide fame is due to his support. 她名扬全球应归功于他的支持。
The accident is due to your careless driving. 那件意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。
The game was put off due to the rain. 比赛因下雨而延期。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语6选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】sort out：安排好；分类，整理；解决(问题或困难)
…I was sorting out my accommodation. …我正在寻找住所。【人教版教材•英语7选修•第3单元•第20页】
I’m just sorting out the papers that can be thrown away. 我正在整理可以扔掉的文件。
We’ve got a few little problems to sort out. 我们有几个小问题要解决。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语7选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】be dying to do sth：极想做某事
I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here. 我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况。【人教版教材•英语7选修•第4单元•第29页】
All of them are dying to see the movie. 他们所有人都极想看那部电影。
be dying for sth ：极想得到
He was dying for something to drink. 他极想喝点东西。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语7选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】come across：偶然遇见或发现
The boy who had never come across anything like this before … 男孩子们以前从未见过这种情况…【人教版教材•英语7选修•第4单元•第29页】
I came across an old friend I hadn’t seen for years. 我碰巧遇见了多年未见的老朋友。
I came across some interesting books in the room. 我在房间里发现了一些有趣的书。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语7选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】adjust to sth：适应…
How difficult do you think it is to adjust to the customs of another country? 你认为适应外国风俗习惯有多难？【人教版教材•英语7选修•第5单元•第37页】
The reasonable man adjusts himself to the world；the unreasonable one persists in trying to adjust the world to himself. (Bernard Show) 有理性的人能使自己适应世界；无理性的人力图让世界适应自己。（萧伯纳）
I find it very difficult to adjust myself to the climate here. 我觉得自己很难适应这儿的气候。
Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 航天员在飞行中必须适应失重状态。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语7选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】fit in (with)：相处融洽，适应
Chinese student fitting in well 中国学生适应能力强（标题）【人教版教材•英语7选修•第5单元•第38页】
They work hard and fit in well. 他们工作努力，相处融洽。
It is necessary for us to fit in with the times. 我们必须与时俱进。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语7选修•教师教学用书》

【句型解释】It is/was the first time(that)+现在/过去完成时态
在It is the first time (that) + clause结构中，我们通常用现在完成时态；而在It was the first time (that) + clause结构中，我们通常用过去完成时态。例如：
It was the first time she had ever left her motherland. 这是她第一次离开她的祖国。【人教版教材•英语7选修•第5单元•第38页】
It is the first time (that) I have spoken to foreign guests. 这是我第一次与外宾谈话。
It was the first time (that) I had visited such a beautiful place. 那是我第一次看到这么美丽的地方。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语7选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】as/so far as：就…而言，在…范围
Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. 此外，他认为，别人的想法并不是最重要的。【人教版教材•英语7选修•第5单元•第38页】
So far as the weather is concerned, I do not think it will matter if we go there tomorrow. 就天气而言，我认为假如我们明天去那儿没什么关系。
As far as I know, he is still working there. 就我所知，他还在那儿工作。
As far as he was concerned, he was satisfied with your answer. 就他而言，他对你的答案是满意的。
As far as I am concerned, the essay is all right. 就我而言，这篇文章写得不错。
此外，as far as 还有“远至，直到”的意思。例如：
He used to take a walk after supper, often as far as two or three miles. 他以前晚饭后总要散散步，往往一走就是两三英里。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语7选修•教师教学用书》