回复：【王府英语】英语词汇、短语、句型、语法及历年高考真题解释

【短语解释】be/lie in ruins：倾塌，成为废墟；垮掉，崩溃
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。【人教版教材•英语1必修•第4单元•第26页】
After the accidents his life seemed to be in ruins. 在那个事故之后他的生活似乎全都毁了。
The city of Berlin was in ruins at the end of the war. 在战争结束时柏林城变成了一片废墟。
The castle now lies in ruins. 这座城堡现在已成一片废墟。
After the war the Japanese economy lay in ruins. 战后日本的经济完全崩溃。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语1必修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【短语解释】after all：毕竟，终究，归根结底
After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about. 不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮忙下，运用智能就是我的一切。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第3单元•第23页】
So you’ve come after all! 你终究还是来了。
After all, what does it matter? 归根结底，那又有什么关系呢？
He wrote to say they couldn’t give me a job after all. 他写信说他们终究还是不能给我一份工作。
I don’t know why you’re so concerned, it isn’t your problem after all. 我不明白你为什么这样担心，这毕竟不是你的问题。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【短语解释】watch over：照料，照管
It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often. 她也应该照看我的调皮的侄女，她经常到我房间来。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第3单元•第24页】
Could you watch over my dog while I am on holiday? 我度假的时候你能帮我照料我的狗吗？
Please go swimming. I’ll watch over the clothes here. 请你去游泳吧，我来照管这些衣服。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】die out(灭绝,绝迹) / die away(慢慢变弱,渐渐消失)
As a result these endangered animals may even die out. 结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会消亡。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第4单元•第25页】
Many animals have died out in the past decades. 在过去几十年里，许多动物灭绝了。
He hid behind the door until the footsteps had died away. 他一直躲在门后面，直到脚步声渐渐远去，完全消失。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】burst into / burst out：突然迸发
In relief Daisy burst into laughter. 戴茜如释重负，突然笑了起来。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第4单元•第26页】
Much to my surprise, Ben suddenly burst into song. 让我吃惊的是，本突然唱起歌来。
Smoke started pouring out and then the truck burst into flames. 浓烟开始滚滚而出，不一会儿卡车就燃起熊熊大火。
The audience burst into applause. 观众爆发出一阵掌声。
Benny suddenly burst into tears. 本尼突然放声大哭。
Everyone on the bus burst into song as we got closer to home. 当我们快到家时，公共汽车上所有的人都大声唱起来。
The plane crashed into the hillside and burst into flames. 飞机撞到山坡上燃起了大火。
They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face. 看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。
burst out crying 突然大哭
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【短语解释】protect…from：保护，维护，防护
I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes. 我这样做可以防止蚊虫叮咬。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第4单元•第26页】
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他抬起胳膊护住脸部免受击打。
An umbrella is used to protect people from rain. 伞是用来防止人们淋雨。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】pay attention to：注意，留意
You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第4单元•第26页】
You should pay attention to your handwriting. 你应该注意你的书写。
Please pay attention to your behaviour in public places. 在公共场合，请注意你的言行。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】so that(表目的或结果)/so…that…(表结果)
so that(表目的)：为了，以便
Slow down so that I can catch up with you. 慢一点，好让我能赶上你。
Speak loudly so that everybody can hear you. 说大声一点，这样大家都能听到你的话。
I kept looking at my notes so that I wouldn’t forget what I wanted to say. 我不断地看稿子，以免忘了自己想说什么。
so that(表结果)：结果，以至
Many contestants later failed drug tests, so that the race had to be rerun. 许多参赛者后来都没有通过药检，赛跑只得重新进行。
so…that…(表结果)：如此…以至…
I become so anxious that I forget what I wanted to say. 我非常紧张，以至于忘了说什么。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【短语解释】to be honest：说实在的
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. 说实在的，很多人把名和利看得很重。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第5单元•第34页】
To be honest (with you), I don’t like him very much. 说实在的，我不怎么喜欢他。
如果对某事持老实的态度，则用be honest about (sth)，例如：
I haven’t been completely honest about my past life. 我对自己过去的经历没有完全如实相告。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】attach importance to：重视，看重
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. 说实在的，很多人把名和利看得很重。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第5单元•第34页】
Both her parents attach great importance to education. 她的父母都很重视教育。
常见的搭配还有：attach significance/value/weight to (sth)，意义和attach importance to相近。在这里，to是介词，后面接名词词组或动名词。又如：
He was ill seriously last week, but he still attended the basketball competition for the school. It’s because he attaches great value to his school sports record. 上周他病得很重，但他还是为学校参加了篮球比赛，这是因为他把学校的体育记录看得很重。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》
（2010江西25）Parents _______ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply
答案：A解析：,attach importance (significance, value, weight) to…：认为…有重要性（意义、价值、份量）；pay：付钱；link…to…：.把…和…连在一起；apply…to…：把…应用于…。句意为：父母都十分重视教育。他们会竭尽所能给他们的孩子们那种极其贵重的礼物。

【短语解释】play jokes/tricks on：开玩笑，捉弄
The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此大趣逗笑，这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第5单元•第34页】
She loves playing jokes on her friends. 她喜欢拿朋友开玩笑。
I thought I heard something – my ears must have been playing tricks on me. 我以为我听到了什么，准是我的耳朵在捉弄我。
也可以是单数形式：play a joke/trick on (sb)。例如：
Fate played a cruel trick on her when she was badly injured in her first international game. 命运跟她开了一个残酷的玩笑 — 她第一次参加国际比赛就严重受伤。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】break up：分手，解散，（关系）破裂
The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. “门基乐队”大约在1970左右解散，但是令人高兴的是，到80年代中期他们再次聚首。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第5单元•第34页】
We’ve broken up. 我们分手了。
He’s just broken up with his girlfriend. 他刚刚跟他的女朋友分手了。
把broken和up用连字符连起来，就可以作名词，意义相同。比如：
Long separations had contributed to their marriage break-up. 长期分居导致他们的婚姻破裂。
The break-up of the pop group came as no surprise. 人们对这支流行乐队的解散一点也不感到意外。
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】go作为系动词
go作为系动词，相当于become，后面直接接形容词作表语。
Then things went wrong. 后来情况可就不妙了。【人教版教材•英语2必修•第5单元•第38页】
If anything goes wrong, you can call our emergency hotline free of charge. 如果出现任何状况，你可以拨打我们的免费紧急热线。
go wrong的反义词是go well，例如：
Is everything going well? 一切还好吧？（问候语）
其它经常和go搭配的词组有：
go deaf/blind/grey/bald 耳聋/目瞎/白发/秃顶
go wild/mad/crazy 发疯
go bad/sour/rotten 变质/变酸/腐烂
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语2必修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】I bet (我肯定，我敢说) / you bet(的确，当然)
I bet（that）：我肯定，我敢说
I bet he’s gone swimming – he loves it. 我敢肯定他去游泳了 – 他喜爱这项运动。
you bet：的确，当然
“Are you going to see the film” “You bet (I am)!” “你去看电影吗？”“当然（我去）！”
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语3必修•教师教学用书》

【词汇辨析】across，through和along
across：表示动作是从物体的表面上进行的，强调横向跨过，从一端到另一端，如过河、过桥、过马路等；
through：则强调在一个上、下、左、右皆有东西的三维空间里移动，含有“in”的意义；
along：则是“沿着、顺着”的意思，与细长的东西如道路或河流平行。
They’re building a new bridge across the river.
The library is just across the road.
They walked through the gate with Uncle Wang.
It took us 2 hours to walk through the forest.
Go along the street and turn left at the first traffic light.
My office is the third floor along the corridor（走廊）on the left.
They decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across（横穿）Canada. 她们决定飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第34页】
They went through （在空间中穿过）a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. 火车穿过一个种植小麦的省份，她们看到了面积有数千英亩的农场。【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第34页】
That night as they slept, the train rushed across（横穿）the top of Lake Superior, through（从空间穿过） the great forests and southward towards Toronto. 那天夜里她们睡着了，火车越过苏必利尔湖北部，穿过大森林，朝南向多伦多飞驰着。【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第34页】
They went up the tall CN Tower and looked across（横穿）the lake. 她们登上了高高的加拿大国家电视塔，俯瞰着下面的湖水。【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第38页】
That night as the train was speeding along（沿着）the St Lawrence River toward the Gulf of St Lawrence… 那天晚上，火车沿着圣劳伦斯河疾驰，朝圣劳伦斯湾驶去…【人教版教材•英语3必修•第5单元•第38页】
【注】以上例句选自《人教版教材•英语3必修•教师教学用书》