蓝矮星是指光谱型为O、B、A的矮星。全天最亮的天狼星（大犬座α，α CMA）是典型的蓝矮星。常把光谱型为O、B、A的矮星称为蓝矮星；光谱型为F、G的矮星称为黄矮星（如太阳）；光谱型为K的矮星称为红矮星；但现在一般称的“白矮星”，以及在理论上估计的天体“黑矮星”，都不属于矮星范围。主序星的光谱从O到M型都有，光度则随表面温度的增高而增大。质量可相当于太阳质量的百分之几到几十倍。能量来源一般为氢聚变为氦的反应。这是恒星演化的中期阶段，恒星在这一阶段停留的时间也最长。主序星寿命的长短，主要看其消耗氢的快慢。像太阳这样的主序星，用氢作燃料，能量可供其生存一百亿年；大于太阳质量10倍的主序星，氢只能燃烧3000万年；只有太阳质量五分之一的主序星，就能生存1万亿年。除了太阳为主序星外，织女星、牛郎星、角宿一等，都是著名的主序星。

虫洞 （连结两个遥远时空的多维空间隧道）时空洞（sofa）又称爱因斯坦－罗森桥，也译作蛀孔。是宇宙中可能存在的连接两个不同时空的狭窄隧道。虫洞是1916年由奥地利物理学家路德维希·弗莱姆首次提出的概念，1930年由爱因斯坦及纳森·罗森在研究引力场方程时假设的，认为透过虫洞可以做瞬时的空间转移或者做时间旅行。由阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦提出该理论。简单地说，“虫洞”就是连接宇宙遥远区域间的时空细管。暗物质维持着虫洞出口的开启。虫洞可以把平行宇宙和婴儿宇宙连接起来，并提供时间旅行的可能性。虫洞也可能是连接黑洞和白洞的时空隧道，所以也叫"灰道"。理论上，虫洞是连结两个遥远时空的空间隧道，就像是大海里面的漩涡，是无处不在但转瞬即逝的。这些时空漩涡是由星体旋转和引力作用共同造成的。就像漩涡能够让局部水面跟水底离得更近一样，能够让两个相对距离很远的局部空间瞬间离得很近。不过有人假想一种奇异物质可以使虫洞保持张开，也有人假设如果存在一种叫做幻影物质（Phantom matter）的奇异物质的话，因为其同时具有正能量和负质量，因此能创造排斥效应以防止虫洞关闭。迄今为止，科学家们还没有观察到虫洞存在的证据。为了与其他种类的虫洞进行区分，一般通俗所称“虫洞”应被称为“时空洞”。

这些天体大部分都发完了 要不要我更新其他东西

Back in time
Back in time from the "theory of relativity", given a four-dimensional space, two coordinates within the distance of 0, in Euclidean space, the distance is 0 points coincide, but in a four-dimensional space is generally considered a time axis, namely the two points in space overlap, but there is still a distance in time, two different time point, this will form a similar cone of new space coordinate system, known as the "cone of light", which is two points in space overlap can be light transfer in time, if we are in the "light cone", known as the "class", and vice versa is "empty", the time machine is to construct a closed timelike curve, reverse in time axis transfer theory is there, but according to the calculation, the individual coordinates are irrational, there is a strong temporal oscillation, caused by temporal instability, The transfer cannot be completed, so the reflow of time cannot be realized.
Correct, Einstein put forward that relativity is not a time reversal, according to the theory of relativity can deduce the time reversal of the paradox. Einstein also did not believe in the reversal of time, so Einstein put forward general relativity to revise the time reversal BUG.
In fact, time still is impossible, because time still leads to space turbulence caused by four dimensional space to cause space extrusion and release.
In 1905, Einstein explained "a strange world" in the "special relativity". Our universe can be seen as a four-dimensional space-time, and as the speed of motion increases.
Fast, the time flow will be slow and the space scale will be shortened. In 1915, Einstein further proposed his theory of gravity, called "general relativity". Similarly, in this "strange world", under the action of mass objects (strong gravitational field), the space-time structure will bends and the time process will also slow down. Four dimensional time can be curved like a three-dimensional space. In 1974 at the Tulane University (Frank J Tipler) tipler had done a calculation, a lot of quality, infinitely long cylinder and along the axis of rotation if at close to the speed of light, will allow astronauts to his own past; also, it is dragged around the light axis, with closed curve motion. In 1991, the Princeton University (Richard Gott) Gott is forecast, cosmic strings (cosmologists think that this structure is formed in the initial Big Bang) can cause similar results. Scientists have found that when the spacecraft passes through the gravitational field, the pulling force of the gravitational field can be changed into thrust. During that time, the spacecraft can fly at or even faster than the speed of light. Experts in the US Space Agency (NASA) have established the theory of space-time field resonance, which is based on the unified field theory of Einstein and German physicist Heisenberg. The main idea is to cross the time by the flexibility of electromagnetic, gravity, light speed and time and space. However, even if I can travel faster than light, special relativity also mentioned the movement speed is faster and the length becomes shorter, more and more significant to approach the speed of light, this is the "Lorenz contraction"; and "general relativity" is also mentioned, reaching near the singular point will be powerful tidal gravity.

翻译（时间倒流出自《相对论》，给定一个四维空间，坐标系内两点的距离为0，在欧几里得空间中，距离为0的两点重合，但在四维空间中普遍认为有一个时间轴，即这两点在空间上重合，但仍有时间距离，即在同一点的两个不同的时间，这时坐标系内会形成一个类似圆锥的新的空间，俗称"光锥"，即两点在空间上重合的点在时间上可以进行光传递，如果我们在"光锥"内，就称为"类时"，反之则为"类空"，时光机就是构造一个闭合类时曲线，实现在时间轴上的反向传递，理论上是存在的，但根据计算，此时各个坐标都为无理数，即存在强烈的时空振荡，造成时空不稳定，无法完成传输，所以时间倒流不能实现。纠正一下，爱因斯坦提出的是相对论不是时间倒流，根据相对论能够推导出时间倒流悖论。爱因斯坦也不相信时间倒流，因此爱因斯坦又提出了广义相对论来修正时间倒流BUG。实际上，时间静止是不可能的，因为时间静止会导致四维空间错乱引起空间波动导致宇宙空间产生挤压和释放。1905年，爱因斯坦在“狭义相对论”中这样解释一个“奇异”世界：我们所处的宇宙可以看成是一个四维时空，随着物体运动的速度增快，时间流程将会变慢，空间尺度将会缩短。1915年，爱因斯坦进一步提出他的引力理论，叫作“广义相对论”。同样在这个“奇异”世界中，在大质量物体（即强大的引力场）作用之下，时空结构会发生弯曲，时间流程也会变慢。四维时间可以像三维空间一样发生弯曲。1974年在美国杜兰大学的提普勒（Frank J Tipler）就曾做过计算，一个质量很大、无限长的圆柱体，若沿着轴心以接近光速自转，便可让航天员造访他自己的过去；同样的，这也是拖着光线绕着轴，以封闭曲线运动。1991年，美国普林斯顿大学的戈特（Richard Gott）则预测，宇宙弦（宇宙学家认为这种结构是在宇宙大爆炸初期形成）可以造成相似的结果。科学家们研究发现：当宇宙飞船经过重力场时，把重力场的拉力转换成推力，宇宙飞船在那段时间内，便可以以光速甚至超光速飞行。美国航空航天局（NASA）的专家们已经创立了“时空场共振理论”，这是以爱因斯坦和德国物理学家海森堡的“统一场论”为基础建立的。其要旨是：借助电磁、重力、光速和时空共同演变的伸缩性，瞬间跨越时光。但是，就算真能超光速，狭义相对论也提到物体运动速度越快、长度变得越短，越趋近光速、越为显着，此为“洛伦兹收缩”；而“广义相对论”也提到，趋近奇点附近会受到强大潮汐重力场的作用。）

The "dimensional space" can also be called "multidimensional space", and the "dimension" is the "dimension". It is said that the universe is made up of many, many dimensions. What is called "dimension" refers to the page of a book and what the page is like. Only those who write this book know it.
On the "dimension" are many possibilities; a plurality of parallel space one plane, at the same time and different, which have a recognized a majority. But what is it like, no one really knows, it still needs to be found! The existence of different positions is not known as if there were any aliens.
“次元空间”也可称为“多维空间”，“次元”就是“维度”。据说，宇宙是由很多很多的次元组成，所谓“次元”所指就是如一本书的书页，而这页是什么样的，只有写这书的人才知道。关于“次元”的诠释有很多种；多个平行的空间的其中一个位面、同一时间的不同分秒等，其中以前一个所被认同着居多。但它究竟是什么样的，没有人真正知道，还有待发现！而不同的位面是否存在，就如到底有没有外星人一样不得而知。

Counter space
The space made up of antimatter is called the counter space. This is a concept derived from the concept of positive and negative symmetry in the universe and has not yet been confirmed by experiments or tests. According to the scientists, there is a positive universe and an anti universe in the universe. The positive universe is full of positive matter, and the counter universe is full of antimatter. Accordingly, the space in the universe is called positive space, and the space in the counter universe is called the counter space.
The counter space derives from the concept of the positive and negative symmetry universe.
The concept and model of the positive and negative symmetry universe are derived from Chinese scientists.
In 1985, Xu Zhimin published in the headline "scientific friend" magazine Fourth "from the anti universe information" one article, first put forward the concept of the pros and cons of the universe, its content is to have a balanced relationship between the universe, there are two sides corresponding to the material in the material is Yu, Yu Department in time increasing, everything is a kind of difficult to curb the aging state; and in the anti matter Yu in the Department, and the corresponding time is back, all things are showing a phenomenon by the failure to the young. At the end of time in the positive material system, that is, the reflux start of the antimatter system. In the reverse end of the antimatter system, it is the starting point of the positive material system. They are interconnected and recurring, and they are in accordance with the laws of nature. From this, he deduced the real concept of "invisible" and "time": time is a force, it is the action of moving particles with static mass and direction on the object, and the magnitude of force is directly proportional to the velocity of particle motion. Its formula is: t=mtv. In this formula, T represents "time (force)", and MT represents the decay of particles, and V represents the velocity of particles.
In 1994, a similar concept was put forward in the ninth phase of the reference of Physics Teaching in middle school.
In 1999, Ge Xuchu in the "Journal of Huaibei Coal Industry Teachers College: Natural Science Edition" Twentieth volume third issue published and symmetric universe model.
In 2001, Ge Xuchu published the positive and negative symmetric cosmological model in the Journal of the Changsha Institute of electric power (NATURAL SCIENCE EDITION) sixteenth volume 03.The object that has reached the speed of light has never disappeared, but has entered into another space opposite to our present space, which is defined as the inverse space. The space we are in is positive space. Though it is impossible to recognize the specific situation of anti space from recorded data, but from the pictures and spectral analysis currently taken, the inverse space is empty space and no empty space of stars. The basic speed of the inverse space is the speed of light. Any object entering the space can theoretically achieve faster than the speed of light, if enough energy is pushed forward.
由反物质构成的空间叫反空间。这是由正反对称的宇宙概念得出来的一个概念，至今还未获得实验或者检测手段的证实。根据科学家们的推断，宇宙中存在着正宇宙和反宇宙。正宇宙里充斥着正物质，反宇宙里充斥着反物质。相应的，正宇宙里的空间就叫正空间，反宇宙里的空间则叫反空间。反空间来源于正反对称宇宙的概念。正反对称宇宙的概念及其模型，是由中国科学家推导出来的。1985年，徐智敏头条发表在《科学之友》杂志第四期上的《来自反宇宙的信息》一文，首次提出了正反宇宙的概念，其内容是：宇宙有一种平衡的关系，它存在着正反两方面对应的物质宇系，在正物质宇系里时间不断递增，任何事物都处于一种难以遏制的衰老状态中；而在反物质宇系里，时间却是与之对应的倒流，所有事物都呈现出一种由衰到幼的现象。在正物质宇系里的时间尽头，也就是反物质宇系的回流起端；在反物质宇系里的回流尽头，却又是正物质宇系的出流起点。它们是互相衔接，循环往复的，符合事物有出也有进的自然规律。由此他推导出了“看不见，摸不着”的“时间”的真实概念：时间是一种力，它是具有静止质量和方向的运动微粒对物体发生的作用，力的大小跟微粒运动的速度成正比。它的公式是：t=mtv。此式中， t表示“时间（力）”，mt表示促衰变粒子，v代表微粒的运动速度。1994年，植继成在《中学物理教学参考》第九期再次提出类似的概念。1999年，葛旭初在《淮北煤师院学报：自然科学版》第20卷第3期发表正反对称宇宙模型。2001年，葛旭初在《长沙电力学院学报（自然科学版》第16卷第03期再次发表正负能正反对称宇宙模型。速度达到光速的物体从来没有消失，只是进入了与我们现在这个空间不同的、相反的另外一个空间，这个空间定义为反空间。我们现在所处的空间则是正空间。虽然从记录资料上无法认识反空间的具体情况，不过从目前所拍的图片和光谱分析看，反空间是一个空空荡荡、并不存在星体的虚无空间。反空间的基本速度就是光速，任何进入该空间的的物体，只要有足够的能量推进，理论上均可以达到超过光速的速度。

In the form of plane, there is no real life. In the two-dimensional space, the expression of the form of three-dimensional space is wrong. It is called the contradictory space.
The contradiction space does not exist in the three dimensional world. These patterns are all visual misleading pictures that make use of the features of a three-dimensional image in a two-dimensional plane. Only in the picture, can not be restored in the three-dimensional world.
The formation of the contradiction space is usually the conversion of the point of view.
Alternately, the three-dimensional shape is displayed on the two-dimensional plane, but it appears ambivalent visual effect in three-dimensional solid form, causing the space chaos, forming the space between two dimensions and three dimensions.
It violates the principle of perspective in the design of the plane, and causes a kind of disorder of the effect of light and shadow, which makes the graphics with the change of the line of sight in different forms. In simple terms, it takes advantage of the perception of human vision for light and shadow, and it makes it wrong to think that the figure is three-dimensional.
在平面构成里，现实生活中不存在，在二维空间里运用三维空间的平面表现形式错误的表现出来的称为矛盾空间。矛盾空间在三维世界是不存在的。这些图案都是利用三维图像在二维平面的表现特征造成的视觉误导性图片。只存在于图片之中，无法在三维世界还原。
矛盾空间的形成通常是利用视点的转换和
交替，在二维的平面上表现了三维的立体形态，但在三维立体的形体中显现出模棱两可的视觉效果，造成空间的混乱，形成介于二维和三维之间的空间。
它在平面设计中违背了透视原理，造成光影效果的一种错乱，使图形随着视线的改变呈现出不同的形体关系。简单来说，它利用了人类视觉对光影的感知，而让人错误地认为展现出的图形为三维的立体形态。

The limit of the human brain refers to the greatest mental IQ of a person. The usual IQ of a person is around 120, for example, Einstein's IQ is higher than the average person, more than 200. Human brain can not be infinite so that human brain can not understand infinite existence, human intelligence is not unlimited, the human brain is generally between 300 and 500. But because of the lack of effective stimulation, it can only wander at a lower level (100 to 120).人脑极限是指人的脑力智商的最大。人的通常智商是在120左右，例如爱因斯坦的智商则高于常人 ，为200以上。人脑自身不能达到无穷所以人脑也不能理解无穷的存在，人类的智力不是无限的，人脑极限一般在300到500之间。但是因为缺乏有效刺激，只能在一个较低的水平（100到120）徘徊。

The immortality plan is a high-tech research project with eternal life as its ultimate goal. The plan in March 2012 in Moscow at the 2045 International Conference on the future of the world ", proposed by Russian media tycoon Demitelikefu. The plan transplants human thinking into the machine's body to achieve immortality. At the same time, the plan, also known as the "Avatar" program, has been joined by more than 100 scientists.
First, create a human brain controlled robot, then transplant the human brain to a kind of human robot, and then carry the human consciousness to a proxy machine.
People take the place of surgical transplantation. He thought that in only 10 years, a functional brain could be transplanted to a robot, so that it could enter the goal of achieving its final goal in 30 years, that is, human consciousness was completely divorced from the body and placed in a holographic body.
The initial goal of the plan is to transplant human brain into machine body in 10 years. The new body will have perfect brain control mechanism interface and human brain maintenance system, so that the brain can survive in vitro. I F Kopf hopes that this process does not need to send people into the operation room. The effect of "transplant" is like stripping the human soul out of the body and putting it into the machine body. The body and the machine body are like empty cocoons for the soul. The next step of science is not to move towards the new human body, but to have a perfect brain link instrument and a system to maintain brain tissue, so that the brain can survive outside the body. This is the first stage. The system will first be used for the "disabled and the dying", which is the second stage. "The third stage is the manufacturing of the artificial brain," a computer environment that can upload human thinking, emotion and memory. The ultimate goal is to create a holographic body. Here, holography refers to a technique that allows the diffraction light emitted from an object to be reproduced, and its position and size are the same as before. To observe the object from different positions, the image of the object also changes. As a result, the photos taken by this technique are three-dimensional.
After this goal is achieved, research will focus on creating simulation brain, and directly upload human thinking to the machine body fitted with simulated human brain without operation, and never die. He also hopes to Dickov Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and advance U.S. defense cooperation,
Immortal plan
Immortality plan (10)
The agency is starting to study the technology that uses the thought of remote control robots to keep the human soldiers away from the battlefield.
Apart from all the extremely difficult temporary technical challenges, I F Kopf's dream has some important things to consider. First, although the latter stage of the plan is too strange and absurd, the first stage is completely feasible (in fact it is already done). Since then, the leap to the second stage (the transplantation of human intelligence to a robot) is a considerable leap. However, if we are willing to make it possible in the next 30 years, we have to consider a further possibility that many people alive now may face this technology in their lifetime.
n fact, human beings have begun to walk on the way out of the physical existence. The first stage - the creation of a robot controlled by the human brain - is already in time. In fact, the Department of advanced research projects of the US Department of defense has already embarked on a project called avatar. The Pentagon wants to create a human brain machine interface that enables soldiers to control biped robots with their thinking. In the 2013 budget report of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, we disclosed that we have allocated 7 million US dollars for the Afanda project. Its ultimate goal is to enable human soldiers to participate in the war by thinking control humanoid robots, so that people can be away from dangerous battlefields. The Afanda project will enable human soldiers and semi intelligent biped robots to form effective partners and make robots "agents soldiers". They believe that the future war will be a confrontation between robots, "agent soldiers".
We are making progress in the field of neural networks, microchips that mimic living brain, and the entire computer field that mimics the function of the human brain. We have created all kinds of artificial organs. The human brain is the most complex one. But following a reasoning line, I F Kopf seems to follow this line. Then we create a neural analogue, which is only a matter of time and determination
永生计划是一项以永生为最终目标的高科技研究计划。该计划在2012年3月在莫斯科举行的“全球未来2045年国际会议”上，由俄罗斯媒体大亨德米特里科夫提出的。该计划将人类思维移植进机器身体中，以实现长生不老。同时该计划又名为“阿凡达”计划，目前已有超100名科学人员加入。
首先创造一种人脑控制的机器人，然后把人脑移植给一种类人机器人，然后把人的意识上载给一种代理机器
人来取代手术移植。他认为，只用10年就能做到把一个有功能的大脑移植给一个机器人，从而使其步入在30年内实现其最终目标的征程，即人类意识完全与躯体脱离，并被置于一个全息身体内。
这项计划的初步目标是在10年内实现将人脑通过手术移植到机器身体里，这个新的身体将拥有完美的脑控机制接口和人脑维生系统，这样大脑就可以在体外长期生存。伊茨科夫希望这个过程不需要把人送入手术室，“移植”的效果仿佛是把人的灵魂从肉体剥离出并放入到机械体中，肉体和机械体对于灵魂来说都好似空空的茧衣。“科学的下一步不是迈向制造新的人体，而是要有一个完美的人脑链接仪器和一套维系脑组织不死的系统，以便大脑能在人体外存活”，这是第一阶段。这套系统研发出来后将首先对“残障人士和将死之人”使用，这是第二阶段。“第三阶段是制造人工大脑”，一种可以上传人类思维、情感、记忆的电脑环境。其终极目标是，制造全息身体。此处，“全息”特指一种技术，可以让从物体发射的衍射光能够被重现，其位置和大小同之前一模一样。从不同的位置观测此物体，其显示的像也会变化。因此，这种技术拍下来的照片是三维的。
在这一目标实现后，研究将专注于创造仿真人脑，在不进行手术的情况下，直接将人类思维“上传”到装有仿真人脑的机器身体内，永生不死。伊茨科夫还希望能与美国国防预先研究计划局（DARPA）合作，
永生计划
永生计划(10张)
该机构正开始研究利用思维遥控机器人，让人类士兵远离战场的技术。
除却一切极其困难的暂时性技术挑战，伊茨科夫的梦想还有一些需要考虑的重要事情。首先，虽然其计划的后面阶段太奇特而显得荒谬，但是第一阶段是完全可行的（实际上已经在做了）。此后，跃向第二阶段（把人类智能移植给一个机器人）是一个相当大的跨越。不过，如果我们愿意使其有可能在今后30年就实现，那么我们就要考虑一个更远的可能性，即现在活着的许多人有可能在有生之年要面对这种技术。
事实上人类已经开始走上摆脱肉体存在的道路。第一阶段——创造一种人脑控制的机器人——已经指日可待。实际上，美国国防部高级研究项目局已经在通过一项名为“阿凡达”的项目着手此事。五角大楼希望创造一种人脑一机器界面，使士兵能够用思维控制两足机器人。美国国防部先进研究项目局2013年预算报告中披露，已经为“阿凡达”项目拨款700万美元，其最终目标是实现让人类士兵用思维控制类人机器人参战，使真人能够远离危险的战场。“阿凡达”项目将让人类士兵与半智能两足机器人结成有效伙伴，让机器人成为“代理士兵”他们相信，未来战争将是机器人“代理士兵”之间的对决。我们在神经网络、模仿活脑的微芯片和模仿人脑功能的整个计算机领域正在取得进展。我们已经创造了各种人造器官。人脑是其中最最复杂的，但遵循某条推理路线——伊茨科夫看起来遵循的就是这条路线，那么我们创造一种神经类似物只是时间和决心的问题。

葛立恒数，被视为现在正式数学证明中出现过最大有意义的数。葛立恒数，被视为现在正式数学证明中出现过最大的数。它大得连科学记数法也不够用。葛立恒数是指在金氏世界纪录（即吉尼斯世界纪录，台湾用语）中，世界最大的「有意义」的自然数。葛立恒数是拉姆齐理论（Ramsey theory）中一个极其异乎寻常问题的上限解，是一个难以想象的巨型数。这个问题表述为：连接n维超立方体的每对几何顶点，获得一个有着2^n个顶点的完全图（每对顶点之间都恰连有一条边的简单图）。将该图每条边的颜色填上红色或蓝色。那么，使所有填法在四个共面顶点上包含至少一个单色完全子图的最小n值为多少？[1] 葛立恒数无比巨大，无法用科学记数法表示，就连a^(b^(c^(…)))这样的指数塔形式也无济于事，甚至连数学家都难以理解它。举个例子，如果把宇宙中所有已知的物质转换成墨水，并把它放在一支钢笔中，那也没有足够的墨水在纸上写下所有这个数的位数。事实上，这只钢笔甚至无法写出这个数的位数的位数。就是在添加多少个“的位数”也无济于事。事实上，我们甚至无法写出在后面要添加多少个“的位数”才能被这只钢笔写出来。不过，它可以通过利用高德纳箭号表示法的递归公式来描述。虽然这个准确答案未知，但葛立恒数是现时所知最小的上界。虽然这个数太大了而无法完全计算出，但葛立恒数的最后几位数可以通过简单的算法导出。其最后12位数是262464195387。那么，葛立恒问题的答案是多少？根据一些数学家的看法，他们怀疑答案是“6”。

古戈尔普勒克斯(googolplex)，是10的古高尔(googol)次方，而古高尔则是10的100次方即10 100，或记作1E+100，所以古戈尔普勒克斯就是10(10^100)，或记作1E+(1E+100)。是一个大数，但也远小于一些特别定义出来的大数。戈尔普勒克斯(googolplex)，是10的古高尔次方，而古高尔则是10的100次方即10100，或记作1E+100，所以古戈尔普勒克斯就是1010^100，或记作1E+(1E+100)。是一个很大的数。如果较真一下，古高尔是10100，也就是10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000，以这个101位数作为指数，10为底数，则幂的值1010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000就是古戈尔普勒克斯。古高尔和古戈尔普勒克斯对数学没有什么特别的意义或是有什么特别的应用，它唯一的用途是有时被用于数学教学上。其一用来说明现今宇宙的所有粒子总和连1090都不到，更不要说古高尔；其二，既然古高尔远比宇宙的所有粒子总和还要多，所以请不要想古戈尔普勒克斯具体到底是多少，只知道古戈尔普勒克斯是1010^100或者是1010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000就行了。是一个比现今现今宇宙的所有粒子总和还大的数，或许你会觉得这个数是无法能够通过任何及其微小的计量单位不停放大可以达到的。只能够使用增长最快的指数函数能够在有限时间内超越(诸如2333)。但实际上，一个非常简单的阶乘数就可以超过它，那就是70!。真的不可思议，70个人随便排成一排，排列的总数竟然超过了古高尔？是的，70!约等于1.2古高尔，古高尔被超越。古戈尔普勒克斯，这个只能够想象的大数，基本上通过初等数学运算也是远远无法达到的，但是一旦上升到超运算或者各种大数表示法代表的数，则古戈尔普勒克斯也不过只是很小的数而已，诸如49=9^(9^(9^9))这个数远远大于古戈尔普勒克斯，而410更是远远大于49。自然数没有真正的最大数，但如果非要说现时数学上证明中出现过最大的数，那就只有葛立恒数了。而3→3→3→3又远远大于葛立恒数，而3→3→3→3+1很明显大于3→3→3→3好了，基本数论已经告诉我们，自然数没有真正的最大数。

接下来是空间啦

一维空间是指只由一条线内的点所组成的空间，它只有长度，没有宽度和高度，只能向两边无限延展。一维实际是指的是一条线，在理解上即为左－右一个方向（如：时间）。也可理解为点动成线，指没有面积与体积的物体。在空间维系内，一维空间是最简单的空间，它只由一条线组成。实际上一条线就是一个一维空间，一条曲线如果没有建立坐标系，那么它也是一维的。简而言之，没有建立坐标系的线就是一个一维空间。如果你在一维空间中，你只能看见前面和后面。一维空间是指仅由一个要素构成的空间。就如一张纸上有两个点把这两个点连成一条直线，这一条直线没有高度和深度，只有长度。数线是其中一个一维空间的例子，借由数线上的单位长度来表示每个点的位置。

二维空间或译二度空间（Second Dimension）是指仅由宽度→水平线和高度→垂直线（在几何学中为X轴和Y轴）两个要素所组成的平面空间，只在平面延伸扩展，同时也是美术上的一个术语，例如绘画便是要将三维空间的事物，用二维空间来展现。二维空间是指仅由长度和宽度（在几何学中为X轴和Y轴）两个要素所组成的平面空间，只向所在平面延伸扩展。二维空间同时也是美术上的一个术语，例如绘画便是要将三维空间（三度空间）的事物，用二度空间来展现。