回复：【王府英语】英语词汇、短语、句型、语法及历年高考真题解释

【短语解释】wear off：逐渐消失
Luckily I appreciated the joke and later when the magic had worn off, we parted as friends. 幸亏我喜欢这个玩笑，后来魔力消失了，我们分手时已是朋友。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit4•第33页】
The pain is slowly wearing off. 疼痛慢慢消失。
The novelty will soon wear off. 这新奇感很快就会消失。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【归类记忆】有关off的词组
wear off逐渐消失，badly off潦倒，穷困，break off停止讲话，carry sth off赢得某物、成功应付，clean off收拾、清除、摆脱，cool off变凉、冷静，cut off切断， die off 先后死去，drive off赶走，drop…off让某人下汽车、打盹儿、减少，fall off数量和质量下降，get off出发、下班，give off发出、送出，keep off与…保持距离，lay off 解雇，pay off 带来好结果、成功，put off推迟，ring off挂断电话，see sb off送行，set off开始、引爆，take off脱掉、调离，wash off冲洗掉，turn off关掉、离开、拐出（某条路）
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语辨析】stare at 和 gaze at
stare at：惊奇地凝视，瞪视
She stared at him in disbelief. 她带着不相信的眼神看着他。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit5•第41页】
It is not polite to stare at others in public. 在大庭广众下盯着人看是不礼貌的。
Do you like being stared at? 你喜欢被人盯着看吗？
gaze at：盯着，愕然注目
She gazed at me in disbelief when I told her the news. 我告诉她这消息时，她以怀疑的目光注视着我。
gaze强调“由于喜欢、有兴趣而注视”；stare强调由于惊讶而做出“惊奇地凝视，瞪视”。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】look through：细查，仔细阅读，将…看透
Liang Yu looked through the paper with interest. 梁玉饶有兴趣地仔细阅读着问卷。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit5•第42页】
We will look through the application and pick out the best. 我们将审查申请书并从中挑出最佳者。
She always looked through her work carefully before she handed it in. 她总是将作业仔细检查后才交上去。
They looked straight through Mark. 他们将马克看透了。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】有关look的词组
look into：调查
Last year a working group was set up to look into the problem. 去年成立了工作组来调查此问题。
look on：旁观
My parents looked on with a smile as I collected my prize. 我领奖时，我父母微笑着在一旁观看。
look out：小心，留神
Just a word of warning: look out for traffic problems. 给你一句忠告：当心交通问题。
look over：大略查看
Would you look over these figures to check my calculations? 你能审阅一下这些数字，检查我计算得对不对吗？
look around：环游，环顾
Shall we look around the campus this afternoon? 我们今天下午到校园去逛逛如何？
look to：指望，依赖
People look to education to bring this about. 人们期待教育来促进此事的实现。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】build on：把（组织、体制）建立于，以…为基础
This job is very interesting, builds on the volunteer work you’ve been doing in the western provinces of China and would be fulfilling. 这项工作很有趣，并且是建立在你自愿到中国西部省份工作的基础之上，而且能让你很充实。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit5•第49页】
People always build their hopes on the economic strength of their country. 人们总是将希望建立在他们国家的经济实力上。
The development of this organization builds on their earlier success. 这机构的发展建设基于他们早期的成功。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】fulfilling：使人满足的，令人满意的
This job is very interesting, builds on the volunteer work you’ve been doing in the western provinces of China and would be fulfilling. 这项工作很有趣，并且是建立在你自愿到中国西部省份工作的基础之上，而且能让你很充实。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit5•第49页】
Jobs should be made as creative and fulfilling as possible. 应该尽可能使工作具有创造性并让人有成就感。
Nursing is still one of the most fulfilling careers. 护理业仍是最令人有成就感的职业之一。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【短语解释】to tell (you) the truth：说实在的，坦白地说
To tell you the truth, it’s very difficult to say at the moment. 说实话，目前还很难说。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit5•第49页】
Well, to tell you the honest truth, I think it’s all a bit too much trouble. 哦，说坦白地说话，我觉得这有点太麻烦了。
For, truth to tell, the situation was moving towards a crisis…坦白说，局势正慢慢向危机发展…
Truth to tell, I fell asleep in the middle. 老实说，我在中间睡着了。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】虚拟语气(1/6)
1．虚拟语气在条件句中①表示“不太可能出现的情况”，条件从句用一般过去时，主句用would do，should do或might / could do；②表示“本可能发生却未发生的事情”，条件从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done ，should have done，might / could have done。例如：
The older men would find it difficult to get a job if they left the farm.
I should be surprised if it was less than five pounds.
If I frightened those birds, they might fly off and I would never see them again.
If I were you，I would accept the offer. (在条件句中，尤其是在I之后，有时会用were代替was)
If I were asked to define my mood，I’d say “bored”.
If he had taken his doctor’s advice，he might not have died so soon.
If he had realized that，he would have run away while there was still time.
If she had not married，she could have become something special in the field.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】虚拟语气(2/6)
2．虚拟语气的条件句也可以用来表示“将来不太可能出现的情况”，条件从句用should do，were to do或一般过去时，主句用would do，should do，could / might do。例如：
If it should rain tomorrow，the sports meet would have to be put off.
I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day.
What would you do if he failed to come tomorrow?.
含有should的条件句，主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时。如：
If there should be another flood，what shall we do?
Ask her to leave a message if she should come.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】虚拟语气(3/6)
3．在正式英语文体中，if从句中的第一个动词如果是should，were或had，可将此动词置于句首，替代if。例如：
Were it all true，it would still not excuse their actions.
Had the captain been more careful，his ship would not have sunk.
Should any visitors come，I would say you are not here.
4．If only和suppose (supposing) 也可引导虚拟条件句。例如：
If only I had more time，I could go there to help them.
Supposing it were fine tomorrow，would you go climbing the mountain with us?
5．If it were not / had not been for…也是常见的虚拟条件句型，意思是“要不是……”。例如：
If it had not been for your help，we would not have achieved so much in our work.
If it were not for the wise decision，we could not be living a happy life today.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】虚拟语气(4/6)
6．虚拟语气用于I wish…的宾语从句中：表示现在时间，动词用一般过去时和过去进行时（be动词用were / was）。表示过去时间，动词用过去完成时和过去完成进行时。表示将来时间，动词用would / could等+动词原形。例如：
I wish I knew how to operate this computer.
I wish he weren’t so lazy.
I do wish everything would be as quiet as before.
I wish they could have come to my party.
I wish we hadn’t been working overtime yesterday.
注意：这里I wish…所表达的意思与If only…差不多。以上的句子都可以用If only代替I wish。例如：
If only I knew how to operate this computer.
If only we hadn’t been working overtime yesterday.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】虚拟语气(6/6)
8．表示“要求、建议、命令”等的动词demand，require，suggest，insist，advise，order等后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词一般应用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形（do / be done），should也可省略。例如：
He insisted that John (should) do the job.
We suggested that the meeting (should) not be postponed.
The union demanded that the wages (should) be raised by 20%.
常用的这类动词是：
ask（要求），advise（劝告），command（命令），decide（决定），demand（要求），insist（坚持），move（提仪），order（命令），propose（提仪），require（要求），request（请求），suggest（建议），urge（主张）
如果这些动词不是表示“要求、建议、命令”等意思时，这时宾语从句则一般不用虚拟语气。例如：
He insisted that I was wrong. (这儿insist意思是“坚持认为”)
The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret. (这儿suggest意思是“表明”)
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语10选修•教师教学用书》

【语法解释】状语从句（1/8）
1）时间状语从句：表示时间关系。
连接词：when，while，as, as soon as，before，after，since，till/until，the moment，once，whenever，no sooner…than， hardly…when
When we lived in town we often went to the theatre.
The cyclist started just as the lights changed to green.
引导时间状语从句的the moment，意思相当于as soon as。如：
I’ll tell you about it the moment you arrive.
如果把no sooner，hardly置于句首时，就要用倒装结构。如：
Hardly had they entered the room when the phone rang.
比较：They had hardly entered the room when the phone rang.
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》和《大学英语语法》（华东理工大学出版社 主编：徐广联）