回复：【王府英语】英语词汇、短语、句型、语法及历年高考真题解释

【归类记忆】表达“道、路”的词汇
城市里的路用以下词语表示：alley（小巷，胡同），road，street，back street（后街，偏僻的街道），high street（大街），main street（大街），sidewalk/pavement（人行道）
乡间的路用以下词语表示：lane（小路，小巷），track（小道，小径），path/footpath/trail（乡间的小径）
连接城市间的道路用：highway（公路），freeway/expressway/motorway（高速公路）
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【词语解释】sample：样品，标本，实例
Police collected samples of blood that had sprayed over the front and back seats and after laboratory tests, they found the blood belonged to three different people. 警方采集了溅在汽车前后座位上的血样，经过实验室化验之后确定是三个人的血。【人教版教材•英语11选修•第2单元•第12页】
56% of the women in the sample said that they supported the government’s policies. 在抽样的人中有56%的妇女说她们支持政府的政策。
Here are some sample questions from last year’s exam. 这是去年考试中的一些样题。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】in proportion：成比例，相称，合理，协调
Keep your life in proportion, so that things don’t get you down. 合理安排你的生活，这样才不至于被事情击跨。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit3•第22页】
Her features are in proportion. 她五官端正。
Try to draw the figures in proportion. 要把人物画得合比例。
The rewards you get in this job are in direct proportion to the effort you put in. 做这份工作，你的报酬与你付出的努力是成正比的。
Reduce the drawing so that all the elements stay in proportion. 缩小这幅画以使各部分保持协调。
Her feet are small in proportion to her height. 她的脚相对于她的身高来说很小。
out of proportion：不相称的，不合情理的，不成比例
The porch is out of proportion with (=too big or too small when compared with) the rest of the house. 门廊与房子的其他部分不成比例。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【短语解释】①get down使沮丧，使抑郁 ②let down：使失望，辜负
Keep your life in proportion, so that things don’t get you down. 合理安排你的生活，这样才不至于被事情击跨。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit3•第22页】
The failure in the exam got him down. 考试不及格让他十分沮丧。
I’m sorry to have let you down. 对不起，我让你（们）失望了。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】approach：方法，步骤；接近，来临；道路，进场
Above all, don’t become rigid in your approach – work hard but also work smart! 最重要的是，方法不要太死板 – 既要苦学，也要巧学。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit3•第22页】
the basic approach to a problem 解决问题的基本方法
His best approach to the great many lay through a mutual friend. 对他来说，接近那位伟人的最佳途径莫过于通过一位双方都认识的朋友。
a new approach to teaching languages 新的语言教学法（to为介词）
The made a direct approach to the minister of education. 他们直接找到教育部长。
the approach of autumn 秋天的来临
It’s a sign of the approach of middle age. 这是接近中年的迹象。
Our approach frightened the birds. 我们的靠近吓着了那些鸟。
Soldiers were guarding the approaches to the city. 士兵把守着进城的道路。
It was clear to land so we made our approach. 跑道已清空，于是我们进场着陆。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【词汇解释】trade：行当，手艺；贸易，买卖；交换；行业
Learn a trade or apply for a variety of jobs. 学一门手艺或者求职做不同种类的工作。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit3•第23页】
International trade flourished in recent years. 国际贸易近些年很红火。
The auto trade developed quickly. 汽车行业发展迅速。
My grandfather was a plumber by trade (=that was his job). 我的祖父是干管子工这一行的。
I could get Ron to look at your car for you；he works in the trade. 我可以让罗恩给你看看车子，他是干这行的。
Let’s make a trade – my Frisbee for your baseball. 我们做个交换吧 – 我的飞盘换你的棒球。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【词汇解释】qualification：资质，资格，资历
They may have better qualifications, but you can show how committed you are to your career. 他们也许有更高的学历，但你可以表现出自己对事业的投入。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit3•第23页】
a medical qualification 从医资格
physical qualifications for pilots 当飞行员的体格
Despite her qualifications, she was not the best choice. 尽管她资历不错，但她不是最佳人选。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】cover：遮盖，覆盖，负担，支付，包括，包含，涉及
This enquiry found that if a family had enough money to cover living expenses and entertainment, more money did not seem to make people happier. 这次调查发现，如果一个家庭有足够的钱支付生活开销和娱乐费用，那么再有更多的钱似乎并不会给人们带来更多的快乐。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit3•第27页】
Do you have enough money to cover your expenses? 你有足够的钱支付开销吗？
One hundred yuan hardly covers one night at a top hotel in Beijing. 100元钱不够在北京高级宾馆住一晚。
They covered 60 miles in two days. 他们两天走了60英里。
People in the Arctic cover themselves with furs. 北极人身穿动物毛皮。
Are there any areas you feel are not covered adequately in the book? 你觉得书中是否有哪些方面论述得还不够详细？
“Exercise” is a word which covers a vast range of activities. “锻炼”一词包含非常广泛的活动。
pollutants that are not covered by the Kyoto agreement 《京都协议书》里没有包括的污染物
短语联想
be covered with：盖满，覆满
under the cover of：在…的掩护下，打着…的幌子
cover up：掩盖，盖好，掩饰
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典•第4版》（外语教学与研究出版社）

【词汇辨析】receipt(收到，收据，票据) / reception(接待，招待，接纳)
区别receipt和reception：这两个名词都是receive的同根名词，它们的一般含义是“收到”或“接收”。
In receipt of的宾语通常是钱钞、货物、信件等东西，其含义为“收到，接收”。如：
He got a steady job as a security guard, which meant he was now in receipt of a good income for a change. 他找到了一份当保安的稳定工作。这就意味着他现在有一份固定收入，情况有了变化。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit3•第27页】
We are in receipt of your letter. 来函收到。
receipt还有“收据，票据”等意思。
for the reception of的宾语可以是人，这时其含义为“接待，招待”。宾语也可以是物，这时其意义为“容纳”。如：
The building is ready for the reception of new students. 这幢楼已经准备就绪，可以接纳新学生了。
reception有“招待会，接待仪式”的意思。
短语联想
on/upon receipt of：收到，接收
acknowledge the receipt of (a letter)：确认收到（来信）
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【句型解释】prefer to…rather than… / prefer…to…
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 表示“宁愿做…而不愿做…”，prefer后跟动词不定式，而rather than后则接带to或不带to的不定式均可。如：
She prefers to stay at home rather than go with us. 她宁愿呆在家里，也不愿和我们一起去。
These nurses preferred to work extra hours at night rather than leave the work until the next week. 这些护士们宁愿晚上加班，也不愿把工作留到下个星期。
注意：这种结构中的rather than可以置于句首。如：
Rather than go on holiday to the seaside I prefer to go shopping in the city. 我宁愿在城里购物，不愿到海边度假。
另外，还有prefer + 名词或动词ing形式，表示“喜欢…而不喜欢…”。如：
While he was at home he preferred doing something to doing nothing. 他在家时，宁愿做些事情而不愿无所事事。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】lose heart：灰心丧气，失去信心
I had never gone without anything, but at the first sign of disappointment in my life I had lost heart and given up. 我从来不缺什么，可是当生活中一遇到挫折，我就灰心丧气，轻言放弃了。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit3•第28页】
Don’t lose heart even if you fail in the exam. 既使考试不极格，也不要失去信心。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【词汇解释】reservation：保留意见(态度)；预订(座位、住处等)
It seemed she, too, had encountered Odysseus and his men and had reservations about their behaviour. 看来她也碰到过奥德修斯和他的部下，但关于他们的所作所为，她的话却有所保留。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit4•第33页】
We hope you find this a quick and easy way to make reservations for a five-star hotel. 我们希望，你会觉得这是预订五星级酒店简便而又快捷的途径。
I support this idea without reservation. 我毫无保留地支持这个想法。
I have my reservations about his ability to do this job. 我对他做这项工作的能力持保留看法。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【句型解释】It seems pointless to do sth：做某事没有意义
But it seemed pointless to stay longer now that he knew Odysseus was no longer there. 但是，既然他知道奥德修斯已经不在这儿，再呆下去也没有意义了。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit4•第33页】
It seems pointless to have a bike if you cannot ride it. 如果你不会骑自行车，要它也没用。
It seemed pointless to wait here since she had gone to Xinjiang. 既然她已经去了新疆，在这儿等也没有意义。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》

【短语解释】now (that)：既然，由于
But it seemed pointless to stay longer now that he knew Odysseus was no longer there. 但是，既然他知道奥德修斯已经不在这儿，再呆下去也没有意义了。【人教版教材•英语11选修•Unit4•第33页】
Now that you mention it, we can talk about it. 既然你提到了这件事，我们可以谈一谈。
Now that you have passed your driving test, you can drive on your own. 既然你已通过了驾驶考试，你就可以自己开车了。
【注】全文摘自《人教版教材•英语11选修•教师教学用书》