介绍Toffoli门,楼主资料里应该也有。 The Toffoli gate is universal; this means that for any Boolean function f(x1, x2, ..., xm), there is a circuit consisting of Toffoli gates that takes x1, x2, ..., xm and some extra bits set to 0 or 1 to outputs x1, x2, ..., xm, f(x1, x2, ..., xm), and some extra bits (called garbage). Essentially, this means that one can use Toffoli gates to build systems that will perform any desired Boolean function computation in a reversible manner. 这段是经典计算机理论的。universal在经典计算机中指能进行一切可能的计算。 然后还有一段: Any reversible gate can be implemented on a quantum computer, and hence the Toffoli gate is also a quantum operator. 同时这个门在量子计算机中也有。