All swines are animals. The head of a swine is the head of an animal.所有猪都是动物,所以所有猪头都是动物头。 Sx: x是猪。 Txy: x是y头。 Px: x是动物。 1.∀x(Sx→Px). ∴∀x[∃y(Sy∧Txy)→∃z(Pz∧Txz)].
英文原题:I.M.COPI, SYMBOLIC LOGIC, 5th. p132.The head of a horse is the head of an animal. All heads of horses are heads of animals. 动词时态,名词单复数,介词用法,英汉有别。 英汉有别,翻译为逻辑句子,差别更大了。
If horses are animals, then all heads of horses are heads of animals. Hx: x is a horse. Ax: x is an animal. Txy: x is the head of y. ∀x(Hx→Ax)→∀x[∃y(Hy∧Txy)→∃z(Az∧Txz)].