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══╬DREAM SOLDIER══╬ 高一英语定语从句

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定语从句--Attributive Clauses
1.定语从句:在复合句中起起形容词的作用,用来修饰名词、名词性成分或代词的从句,所以又称为形容词性从句。
相关概念:先行词——定语从句中所修饰的名词、名词性成分或代词叫做先行词。
          关系词(引导词)——引导一个定语从句的词。
Eg: She is an English teacher (who likes singing songs).
     I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
2.关系词(引导词):引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;
关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
关系词     先行词所指     关系词在句中作用
关系代词     that     人/物     主、 宾(可省) 、 表
     which     物     主、 宾(可省)
     who     人     主、 宾(可省)
     whom     人     宾
     Whose/of which     人/物     定
     as     人/物/事情     主、 宾 、 表
关系副词     when     时间     时间状语
     where     地点     地点状语
     why     原因     原因状语
关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
4. 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种
1)限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month.   这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
   The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
     Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
     My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.   我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
     This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数
     He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
   Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
(一) 限定性定语从句
1. who 指“人”,在定语从句中作主语
Is he the man who invented the machine? 他就是发明这机器的人吗?
2. whom 指”人”,在从句中作宾语,可以用who来代替省略,当前面有介词时,不能用who代替且不能省略



1楼2011-02-11 13:09回复
    我就很好奇怎么会有点击率这种事?= =


    2楼2011-02-11 13:09
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      2025-06-20 20:56:09
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      The person (who/whom) I spoke to just now is our headmaster.刚才我和他说话的那个人是我们的校长.
      The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming.你等的那位教师就要来了.
      3. whose 可指”人’或”物”,在从句中作定语, whose修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样
      This is the girl whose family is in the northeast.这就是家在东北的那位姑娘.
      Water is a liquid whose boiling point is 100℃.水是一种沸点为一百摄氏度的液体.
      4. which 指”物”,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略,但前面有介词时不能省略
         The train which has just left is or Xi’an. 刚刚离开的那班火车是去西安的.
         Here is the pen (which) you lost yesterday. 这是你昨天丢的钢笔.
         The room in which he lives is very new. 他住的房间很新.
      5. that 既指”人”,又指”物”,既在从句中作主语,又作宾语,作宾语时前面不能有介词,可以省略,只能引导限制性定语从句.
         The woman that/who is in the next room is our English teacher.隔壁的那位女士是我们的英语老师.
         He is a man (that/who/whom) you can depend on. 他是一个你可以依赖的人.
      6. as 引导限制性定语从句时,可在从句中作主语或宾语,主要用于such…as和 the same…as句型中
         I have never heard such a moving story as he told.我还从未听过像他讲的那么动人的故事.
         I have the same opinion as you have. 我和你意见相同.
      7. 关系副词有why, when, where,在定语从句中代替先行词,作状语,不可省略,有时也可用”介词+which”代替.
      (1) when表示时间,在从句中用作时间状语
      He was born in the year when World War Ⅱbroke out.他出生于第二次世界大战爆发的那一年.
      I can’t remember the day when the day he went abroad. 我记不起他出国的日子了
      = I can’t remember the day on which he went abroad.
      (2) where 表示地点,在从句中用作地点状语
      This is the place where he was born. 这是他出生的地方.= This is the place in which he was born.
      I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.我不知道他们将要见面的确切地点.
      (3) why表示原因,在从句中用作原因状语,主要用于先行词是reason的情况
      That’s the reason why I did it.那就是我做这件事的原因.= This is the reason for which I did it.
      I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come. 我不知道他为什么没来.
      8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
      There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
      判断关系代词与关系副词  
           方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如:  
           This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.  
           I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.  
           (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.  
           (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.  
           (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.  
           (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.  
      习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
           方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?   A. where   B. that   C. on which D. the one
           例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
           A. where   B. that   C. on which   D. the one      答案:     例1 D,例2 A
      


      3楼2011-02-11 13:10
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        例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
        例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
             在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
             而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。  
             关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
        (二)非限定性定语从句
             非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
        1. which指“物”,在从句中作主语或宾语,引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
        I have read the book A tale of Two Cities, which was written by Charles Dickens.
        They came to a house, in front of which there was a tall tree.
        They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
        2. who指“人”,有从句中作主语
        He has a brother, who works in a factory.他有个哥哥,在一家工厂工作。
        3.Whom指“人”,在从句中作宾语
        His father, whom he loved dearly, died last year.他父亲去年去世了,他非常爱他父亲。
        4. whose可指“人”或“物”,在从句中作定语
        This is Wang Gang, whose sister you met last week.这是王刚,上周你见过他姐姐。
        5. as在从句中可作主语或宾语,经常可修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。as引导的非限制性定语从句还可置于主句之前。
        He was strongly against the idea, as could be expected.正如可以预料到的,他强烈反对这个主意。
        6.where在从句中作地点状语
        I come from Qingdao, where I was brought up by my grandmother.
        我来自青岛,我是在那里由我奶奶带大的。
        7. when在从句中作时间状语
        In the old days, when I was a little boy, I often swam in this small river.
        注意:(1)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,
        Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
        My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.   我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
        This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
           (2).非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
        He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
        Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
           (3)在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词why和关系代词that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物。
        (三)注意
           介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
             (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
             (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
        


        4楼2011-02-11 13:10
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          = =这样下去是不是会发帖速度太快啊,然后就不能发帖?= =


          5楼2011-02-11 13:10
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            = =刚刚进来就发现你也来了啊~~


            6楼2011-02-11 13:11
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              真是认真的孩子,偶们还在很认真的玩游戏……
              也好,谢谢啦~~发这么多知识~


              7楼2011-02-11 13:14
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                = =小四果然与众不同~~


                8楼2011-02-11 13:15
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                  2025-06-20 20:50:09
                  广告
                  话说你怎么不继续了啊??
                  (⊙_⊙)鄙人还等着以后来偷点资料啊…………(我邪恶了,不要管我)


                  9楼2011-02-11 13:16
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                    楼上两个腐女让我情何以堪??TuT


                    10楼2011-02-11 13:17
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                      = =果然^TAICHOUL


                      11楼2011-02-11 13:21
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                        我只能一点一点发…………


                        13楼2011-02-11 13:21
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                          2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
                               (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
                               (2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
                               (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
                               (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
                               3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
                               (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
                               (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
                               (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
                          


                          14楼2011-02-11 13:22
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                            早晚翻页……那是必须的……


                            16楼2011-02-11 13:22
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                              2025-06-20 20:44:09
                              广告
                              18楼是我的~~还有谢谢~


                              18楼2011-02-11 13:23
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