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高考英语备考专栏丨必考语法篇丨主谓一致

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一.概念:#英语语法#
主谓一致是指:
1) 语法形式一致,即谓语的单复数形式与主语的单复数一致。
2) 意义上一致,即谓语的单复数形式与主语意义上的单复数一致。
3) 就近和就远原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的主语或者是取决于最远端的主语,总的来说遵循一个原则,可数名词单数或者不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:
There is a cup of water and two apples in the basket.(就近原则)
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Ten million tons of water are sent to the arid region every year.
每年向干旱地区输送1000万吨水。

二.相关知识点精讲#高考#
1. 就近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。除此之外,如果句子是由here,引导也同there be句型一样。例如:
There is a soccer ball, a desk and several books in the room.
房间里有一个足球、一张桌子和几本书。
Here are ten women doctors and men doctors in that famous hospital.
那家著名的医院有十名女医生和男医生。
2)当either… or… 与neither… nor, not only ... but also ... 句型,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:
Either she or he is to go. 不是她去,就是他去。
Not only the students but also the teacher was invited.
不仅学生们被邀请,而且那位教师也被邀请了
2. 就远原则
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:
The engineer together with some workers is visiting the sugar factory.
工程师和一些工人正在参观糖厂。
He as well as I wants to go shopping.他和我想去购物。
3.并列结构作主语 谓语用复数,例如:
Learning various subjuets and doing sports are very important.学习各种科目和做运动非常重要。
【注意】:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:
The writer and singer is extremly well-known in our country.
这位既是作家又是歌手的人在我国非常有名。
4. 以下情况,谓语需要用单数
1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:
  Each of them has a smart phone. 我们每人都有智能手机。
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:
  The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:
  Three years was allowed for making the necessary preparations for Gaokao. 用3年来为高考做准备。
  One hundred yuan is enough to buy three bags of apple. 100元够买3袋苹果。
5.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:
Most of his hours are spent on his books. 他大部分的时间都花费在书本上了。
Half of the students in my university are taking an active part in sports. 在我的大学,有一半的学生积极参与体育运动。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:A series of accidents has been reported after that serious accident. 在那场严重的事故之后,媒体进行了一连串的报道。
3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:
  Many a student read the novel in their childhood. 许多学生在他们的童年时就读过了这本小说。
  More than 20 percent of the students are from China.百分之二十多的学生来自中国。
6.根据指代意义来决定谓语的单复数
1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:
All is right. 一切顺利。 All are present. 人都到齐了。
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:
   His class isn't very large. 他的班级不大。
   His class are movie lovers. 他班上的所有人都是电影爱好者。
  但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如:Are there any poultry in your house? 你家有家禽吗?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。 A number of students have run out form the shaking building when the earthquake takes place.当地震发生时,许多学生从摇晃的大楼里跑出来
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。The number of the student who are interested in English is gradually increasing in our country. 在我们国家对英语感兴趣的学生越来越多。
内容来源丨机构教学经验
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#英语语法##高考#


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