牛津英语分享
英语重短语;汉语轻短语
英语的句法单位(unit)的主体是:短语或词组。与其说英句由单词组成,不如说以形形色色的短语或词组(如名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、动词短语、独立结构等)为基本构件。
其中,名词短语与动词短语又为句子最主要的构成单位。其句法功能不一而足,诸如主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。与之恰成对照的是,汉语更偏重以(单音节或多音节的)字或词为其基本的句法成分。试比较:
① But with the world steel industry deep in the doldrums, who needed iron carriers? (介词词组)
世界钢铁工业很不景气,谁还需要矿砂船呢?
② I have never met a person so difficult to understand as my husband.(形容词词组)
我还从未遇到过像我丈夫这么难以理解的人。
③ This is by far the most interesting book I have ever read. (副词词组)
这是迄今为止我所读到的最有趣的书。
④ The author s new book on phonetics recently published is more than worth reading.(名词词组)
作者最近初版的语音著述太值得一读了。
⑤ You must stand up for (= support) your friend.(动词词组)
你得支持你的朋友。
⑥ To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.(不定式短语)
对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。
⑦ Mary is considering changing her job.( 动名词短语)
玛丽正在考虑调换工作。
英语重短语;汉语轻短语
英语的句法单位(unit)的主体是:短语或词组。与其说英句由单词组成,不如说以形形色色的短语或词组(如名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、动词短语、独立结构等)为基本构件。
其中,名词短语与动词短语又为句子最主要的构成单位。其句法功能不一而足,诸如主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。与之恰成对照的是,汉语更偏重以(单音节或多音节的)字或词为其基本的句法成分。试比较:
① But with the world steel industry deep in the doldrums, who needed iron carriers? (介词词组)
世界钢铁工业很不景气,谁还需要矿砂船呢?
② I have never met a person so difficult to understand as my husband.(形容词词组)
我还从未遇到过像我丈夫这么难以理解的人。
③ This is by far the most interesting book I have ever read. (副词词组)
这是迄今为止我所读到的最有趣的书。
④ The author s new book on phonetics recently published is more than worth reading.(名词词组)
作者最近初版的语音著述太值得一读了。
⑤ You must stand up for (= support) your friend.(动词词组)
你得支持你的朋友。
⑥ To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.(不定式短语)
对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。
⑦ Mary is considering changing her job.( 动名词短语)
玛丽正在考虑调换工作。