e2
=IF(YEAR(D2)<YEAR(TODAY()),"",TEXT(D2-TODAY(),"0天后可转正;今年已转正;今天转正"))
向下填充
i2
=COUNTIFS(D:D,">="&TODAY(),D:D,"<="&TODAY()+30)
g2
=INDEX(A:A,SMALL(IF(($D$2:$D$5>=TODAY())*($D$2:$D$5<=TODAY()+30),ROW($2:$5),65536),ROW(A1)))&""
ps:数组公式,输入时按ctrl+shift+enter完成. 向右向下填充