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动词的态、体、时

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查祃语动词形式分态、体、时三种。
态表示主语是施体还是受体。分主动和被动两种。
体表示动作的状态。分一般、进行和完成三种。
时表示动作发生的时间,分现在、过去、将来、过去将来四种。
词尾变化如下:
1,态:
主动
····有宾语:-t
····无宾语:-d
被动
····有宾语:-ts
····无宾语:-dz
2,体:
一般:无变化
进行
····状态(连续,如看、听、生病、跑步、运行等) -aq
····动作(离散,如打、吃。咬等) -oq
完成:-uq
3,时:
现在:无变化
过去
····一般体:-eq
····其它:切音化、浊化
········状态进行体:-aej
········动作进行体:-oej
········动作进行体:-uej
将来
····一般体:-iq
····其它:尖音化
········状态进行体:-iaq
········动作进行体:-ioq
········动作进行体:-iuq
过去将来
····一般体:-eiq
····其它:切音化、浊化
········状态进行体:-uaj
········动作进行体:-ouj
········动作进行体:-ouej
举例:
1,主动一般现在时
汉:我吃苹果。
E:I eat apples.
Q:U-ta koukeet pea-xum.
汉:我跑。
E:I run.
Q:U-ta pasud.
2,主动进行现在时
汉:我正在吃苹果。
E:I am eating apples.
Q:U-ta koukeettoq pea-xum.
汉:我正跑着。
E:I am running.
Q:U-ta pasuddaq.
3,主动进行过去时
汉:我(过去的某时)正在吃苹果。
E:I was eating apples.
Q:U-ta koukeettoej pea-xum.
汉:我(过去的某时)正在跑。
E:I was running.
Q:U-ta pasuddaej.
4,主动进行过去将来时
汉:我(过去的某时)将要吃苹果。
E:I was going to eat apples.
Q:U-ta koukeettouj pea-xum.
汉:我(过去的某时)将跑。
E:I would run.
Q:U-ta pasudduaj.
5,被动一般现在时


IP属地:河南1楼2019-01-11 00:31回复
    汉:苹果被我吃。
    E:Apples are eaten by me.
    Q:Pea-xu u-tatik koukeedz.
    汉:他被我教英语。
    E:He is taught English by me.
    Q:Bi-ta uebits u-tatik pesum de Ingeelixu.
    汉:英语被我教给他。
    E:English is taught to him by me.
    Q:Ingeelixu u-tatik bi-tatuk uebits .
    6,被动一般过去时
    汉:苹果(过去的某时)被我吃。
    E:Apples were eaten by me.
    Q:Pea-xu u-tatik koukeezzeq.
    汉:他(过去的某时)被我教英语。
    E:He is taught English by me.
    Q:Bi-ta uebicceq u-tatik pesum de Ingeelixu.
    汉:英语(过去的某时)被我教给他。
    E:English was taught to him by me.
    Q:Ingeelixu u-tatik bi-tatuk uebicceq .
    7,被动进行过去时
    汉:苹果(过去的某时)正在被我吃。
    E:Apples were being eaten by me.
    Q:Pea-xu u-tatik koukeezzoej.
    汉:他(过去的某时)正在被我教英语。
    E:He was being taught English by me.
    Q:Bi-ta uebiccaej u-tatik pesum de Ingeelixu.
    汉:英语(过去的某时)正在被我教给他。
    E:English was being taught to him by me.
    Q:Ingeelixu u-tatik bi-tatuk uebiccaej .
    7,被动进行将来时
    汉:苹果(将来的某时)正在被我吃。
    E:Apples were going to be being eaten by me.
    Q:Pea-xu u-tatik koukeezzioq.
    汉:他(将来的某时)正在被我教英语。
    E:He will be being taught English by me.
    Q:Bi-ta uebicciaq u-tatik pesum de Ingeelixu.
    汉:英语(将来的某时)正在被我教给他。
    E:English will be being taught to him by me.
    Q:Ingeelixu u-tatik bi-tatuk uebicciaq .


    IP属地:河南2楼2019-01-11 00:56
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      2025-06-21 22:45:42
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      从上面例子可以看出,动词在句子中变形时,先看态,根据情况加上t/d/ts/dz后缀;再看体,根据动作状态在态的基础上加后缀;最后看时,根据动作发生时间对“体”的后缀进行变化。
      态、体偏黏着方式(或看成外部屈折),时则在体的基础上进行内部屈折变化。


      IP属地:河南3楼2019-01-11 01:31
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