Principles of Design

Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feelstable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design aresimilar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are differentbut still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a centralpoint and may be similar.

Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually theartist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area couldbe different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focalareas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within thework of art.

Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

Repetition works with pattern to make the work of art seem active. The repetitionof elements of design creates unity within the work of art.

Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number)relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can referto the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly tocreate a feeling of organized movement. Rhythm creates a mood like music ordancing. To keep rhythm exciting and active, variety is essential.

Variety is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention andto guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which createsa sense of completeness.