Swiss Muslim girls must learn to swim with boys, court rules
法院裁定，瑞士穆斯林女孩必须同男孩一起学习游泳
10 January 2017
2017年1月10日
Switzerlandhas won a case at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) obliging Muslimparents to send their children to mixed swimming lessons.
瑞士在欧洲人权法庭赢得了一场强制穆斯林父母送他们的小孩进行男女混合游泳课程的官司。
Itsaid authorities were justified in giving precedence to enforcing "thefull school curriculum" and the children's "successfulintegration" into society.
判定政府有权力强制优先执行“完成完整学校课程”和儿童的“成功融入”社会的问题。
TheECHR acknowledged that religious freedom was being interfered with.
欧洲人权法庭认为宗教的自由被一定程度干扰。
Butjudges said it did not amount to a violation.
但是法官也说这个并不等于违反宗教自由。
Thecase was brought by two Swiss nationals, of Turkish origin, who refused to sendtheir teenage daughters to the compulsory mixed lessons in the city of Basel.
这宗案件由两位土耳其裔瑞士巴塞尔城市公民提起诉讼，他们拒绝送他们的十多岁的女儿去参加男女混合游泳的必修课。
Educationofficials, however, said that exemptions were available only for girls who hadreached the age of puberty - which the girls had not reached at the time.
然而教育部官员说这些课程的豁免权只对达到青春期少女开放，而他们的小孩还没有达到那个年龄。
In2010, after a long-running dispute, the parents were ordered to pay a combinedfine of 1,400 Swiss Francs ($1,380, £1,136) "for acting in breach of theirparental duty".
2010年，经过了长期的争论，这些父母被要求支付一笔因为违反作为父母应尽责任的价值1400瑞士法郎的综合罚款。
Theyargued that such treatment was a violation of article nine of the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights, which covers the right to freedom of thought,conscience and religion.
他们争议的焦点在于这个处罚已经违反了欧洲公约关于人权法案的第九条，条款覆盖了关于思想、意识、宗教自由的权利。
In a statement, the ECHR said the refusal to exemptthe girls had interfered with the right to freedom of religion.
在庭审上，欧洲人权法庭说阻止小女孩不参加男女混合游泳已经干扰了他们关于其宗教自由的权利。
Butit also said the law involved was designed to "protect foreign pupils fromany form of social exclusion" and Switzerland was free to design itseducation system according to its own needs and traditions.
但是同样说道，相关法律的设计是用来“保护外国学生不受到社会排斥”，并且瑞士也是有自由来根据他们自己的需要和传统来设计他们自己的教育体系。
Schools,it said, played an important role in social integration, and exemptions fromsome lessons are "justified only in very exceptional circumstances".
学校方面称，豁免一些课程仅仅只是在一些非常特殊的情况下，而游泳课程却是为融入社会的发挥了重要作用。
Swimming,burkinis, and integration
游泳，穆斯林泳衣极其融合
§ In 2016, officials in Basel suspended the citizenship process for the family of two teenage Muslimbrothers who refused to shake hands with female teachers.
§ 2016年，巴塞尔官方暂停了一个拥有两个青少年穆斯林家庭的身份申请进度，因为他们两兄弟都拒绝和女老师握手。
§ Switzerland has also applied thelaw to other cases - a man of Bosnian origin was fined last year for refusingto allow his daughter to take part in swimming lessons during school hours,among other activities.
§ 瑞士法案也同样适用于其他案件，一名波斯尼亚裔父亲因为去年拒绝允许他的女儿在学校期间参加游泳课程和其他活动而被罚款。
§ Germany also battled with theissue of mixed swimming lessons in 2013, when a judge ruled that a 13-year-oldgirl must attend - but allowed the wearing of a burkini.
§ 德国同样也在为混合游泳课程的问题而争议，2013年法院判定强制13岁的小女孩必须参加此课程，但是允许他们穿着穆斯林专用的泳衣。
§ In France, in 2009, a woman wasbanned from swimming in a public pool in her burkini. That would be followed in2016 by a controversial official ban on the garment in public spaces - which was eventually overturned by French courts.
§ 在法国，2009年，一位妇女因为穿着穆斯林泳衣而被禁止进入公共泳池。2016年法国也颁布了一个非常有争议的关于公共场合着装禁令，但是这个最终被法国法庭推翻。
§ France, Belgium, and the Netherlandsall have bans on Muslim veils in public, to varying degrees.
§ 法国、比利时和荷兰都禁止在公共场合不同程度地穿戴穆斯林面罩。
"Accordingly,the children's interest in a full education, thus facilitating their successfulsocial integration according to local customs and mores, prevailed over theparents' wish to have their children exempted from mixed swimminglessons," the court said.
“基于孩子参加全部课程的兴趣，因此更加方便他们能够成功融入当地社会及风俗习惯等，胜过其父母对于他们能够免除参加混合游泳课程的愿望。”法院裁定。
Thecourt also noted that "very flexible arrangements" had been offeredas a compromise, including allowing the girls to wear burkinis during lessonsrather than traditional swimwear, and allowing them to change clothes with noboys in the room.
法院同时告知，这个非常有弹性的安排是基于一种妥协。包括同意小女孩在课程期间穿着穆斯林泳衣而不是传统泳衣，并且同意他们在专门的房间更换衣服。
法院裁定，瑞士穆斯林女孩必须同男孩一起学习游泳
10 January 2017
2017年1月10日
Switzerlandhas won a case at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) obliging Muslimparents to send their children to mixed swimming lessons.
瑞士在欧洲人权法庭赢得了一场强制穆斯林父母送他们的小孩进行男女混合游泳课程的官司。
Itsaid authorities were justified in giving precedence to enforcing "thefull school curriculum" and the children's "successfulintegration" into society.
判定政府有权力强制优先执行“完成完整学校课程”和儿童的“成功融入”社会的问题。
TheECHR acknowledged that religious freedom was being interfered with.
欧洲人权法庭认为宗教的自由被一定程度干扰。
Butjudges said it did not amount to a violation.
但是法官也说这个并不等于违反宗教自由。
Thecase was brought by two Swiss nationals, of Turkish origin, who refused to sendtheir teenage daughters to the compulsory mixed lessons in the city of Basel.
这宗案件由两位土耳其裔瑞士巴塞尔城市公民提起诉讼，他们拒绝送他们的十多岁的女儿去参加男女混合游泳的必修课。
Educationofficials, however, said that exemptions were available only for girls who hadreached the age of puberty - which the girls had not reached at the time.
然而教育部官员说这些课程的豁免权只对达到青春期少女开放，而他们的小孩还没有达到那个年龄。
In2010, after a long-running dispute, the parents were ordered to pay a combinedfine of 1,400 Swiss Francs ($1,380, £1,136) "for acting in breach of theirparental duty".
2010年，经过了长期的争论，这些父母被要求支付一笔因为违反作为父母应尽责任的价值1400瑞士法郎的综合罚款。
Theyargued that such treatment was a violation of article nine of the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights, which covers the right to freedom of thought,conscience and religion.
他们争议的焦点在于这个处罚已经违反了欧洲公约关于人权法案的第九条，条款覆盖了关于思想、意识、宗教自由的权利。
In a statement, the ECHR said the refusal to exemptthe girls had interfered with the right to freedom of religion.
在庭审上，欧洲人权法庭说阻止小女孩不参加男女混合游泳已经干扰了他们关于其宗教自由的权利。
Butit also said the law involved was designed to "protect foreign pupils fromany form of social exclusion" and Switzerland was free to design itseducation system according to its own needs and traditions.
但是同样说道，相关法律的设计是用来“保护外国学生不受到社会排斥”，并且瑞士也是有自由来根据他们自己的需要和传统来设计他们自己的教育体系。
Schools,it said, played an important role in social integration, and exemptions fromsome lessons are "justified only in very exceptional circumstances".
学校方面称，豁免一些课程仅仅只是在一些非常特殊的情况下，而游泳课程却是为融入社会的发挥了重要作用。
Swimming,burkinis, and integration
游泳，穆斯林泳衣极其融合
§ In 2016, officials in Basel suspended the citizenship process for the family of two teenage Muslimbrothers who refused to shake hands with female teachers.
§ 2016年，巴塞尔官方暂停了一个拥有两个青少年穆斯林家庭的身份申请进度，因为他们两兄弟都拒绝和女老师握手。
§ Switzerland has also applied thelaw to other cases - a man of Bosnian origin was fined last year for refusingto allow his daughter to take part in swimming lessons during school hours,among other activities.
§ 瑞士法案也同样适用于其他案件，一名波斯尼亚裔父亲因为去年拒绝允许他的女儿在学校期间参加游泳课程和其他活动而被罚款。
§ Germany also battled with theissue of mixed swimming lessons in 2013, when a judge ruled that a 13-year-oldgirl must attend - but allowed the wearing of a burkini.
§ 德国同样也在为混合游泳课程的问题而争议，2013年法院判定强制13岁的小女孩必须参加此课程，但是允许他们穿着穆斯林专用的泳衣。
§ In France, in 2009, a woman wasbanned from swimming in a public pool in her burkini. That would be followed in2016 by a controversial official ban on the garment in public spaces - which was eventually overturned by French courts.
§ 在法国，2009年，一位妇女因为穿着穆斯林泳衣而被禁止进入公共泳池。2016年法国也颁布了一个非常有争议的关于公共场合着装禁令，但是这个最终被法国法庭推翻。
§ France, Belgium, and the Netherlandsall have bans on Muslim veils in public, to varying degrees.
§ 法国、比利时和荷兰都禁止在公共场合不同程度地穿戴穆斯林面罩。
"Accordingly,the children's interest in a full education, thus facilitating their successfulsocial integration according to local customs and mores, prevailed over theparents' wish to have their children exempted from mixed swimminglessons," the court said.
“基于孩子参加全部课程的兴趣，因此更加方便他们能够成功融入当地社会及风俗习惯等，胜过其父母对于他们能够免除参加混合游泳课程的愿望。”法院裁定。
Thecourt also noted that "very flexible arrangements" had been offeredas a compromise, including allowing the girls to wear burkinis during lessonsrather than traditional swimwear, and allowing them to change clothes with noboys in the room.
法院同时告知，这个非常有弹性的安排是基于一种妥协。包括同意小女孩在课程期间穿着穆斯林泳衣而不是传统泳衣，并且同意他们在专门的房间更换衣服。
