价格竞争模型假设
Total quantity sold is determined by a downward-sloping demand curve.
• Firms set prices simultaneously
• Later: Price leadership
• Firm with the lower price serves the entire market; if prices are equal, firms have equal market shares.
• Later: Firms have capacity constraints and cannot serve the entire market (or not even half the market)
• Firms make their pricing decision only once.
• Later: Repeated price competition
• Firms produce identical goods (perfect substitutes)
• Later: Product differentiation
古诺模型假设
The ongoing market price is determined by a downward-sloping demand curve given the total quantity produced by the firms.
• Firms decide simultaneously how much to produce.
• Later: Quantity leadership
• Firms make their quantity decision only once.
• Later: Repeated quantity competition