研究1对50篇文献进行meta-analysis，
旨在
a)描述人的一生中的自尊变化情况
b)确定年龄、性别、测量方式、美国和非美国人、year of assessment对于自尊稳定性的影响
c)探讨目前研究的局限性

目前研究的局限性：被试范围狭窄，以青少年和儿童为主，Even more striking, only 5% of the studies
examined self-esteem after age 40.

使用重测相关系数作为稳定性指标
控制年龄因素后发现时间间隔会影响稳定性（一个貌似显然的结论）we used multiple regression analyses to reestimate the relation between time interval and stability controlling for age, and found that time interval had an independent effect on stability ( beta=- .35, p <.01).
控制时间间隔（Table1的第三列）发现不同年龄稳定性不同，例如19岁对应0.60，18岁对应0.53，34岁对应0.49，23对应0.72
图1更简洁的表示出不同年龄段的稳定性，多项式回归显示二次函数拟合较好；检验年龄平方与其他变量的交互作用，发现交互作用不显著。至此认为年龄的平方与自尊有关，accounted for 13% ( p .05) of the variance in uncorrected test–retest correlations

啥

性别差异不显著，不同的量表的结果略有差别（详见原文），Year of assessment（不同年代的测量结果）
Table2有详细的信息
主要结论有：Furthermore, the highest level of stability was well below unity, suggesting that self-esteem continues to change throughout the life span. Finally, we found that self-esteem stability did not vary substantially by gender, self-esteem scale, nationality, or year of assessment.性别、量表、国籍、年代对于结果影响不大，自尊在人生的各个阶段都在变化

研究2
Study 2 analyzed data from 4 large national studies (N =74,381).
发现不同种族的稳定性有所差别
Asian Americans (r =.47) and Caucasians (r =.46) showed higher levels of stability than Hispanic Americans (r =.38), African Americans (r =.37), or Native Americans (r= .37),
亚裔、高加索美国人比非裔、西班牙裔、印第安的稳定性高

9楼：在果壳搜索有关自尊的[文章]会有许多有趣的文献