Fermented foods aren’t exactly famous for their alluring smell and flavor, but South Korea’s popular ‘hongeo’ has just got to be the worst of the lot. It’s definitely classified as one of the grossest foods in the world, even for ‘foodie daredevils’ who like trying out weird dishes.
发酵过的食物一般确切的说并不是因为它们诱人的香味和味道出名，但是韩国很受欢迎的hongeo也许是这众多发酵过食物中最糟糕的了。它绝对可以算得上世界最糟糕的食物了，即使是对那些敢于尝试奇怪食物的美食家。
ferment[英][fəˈment][美][fərˈment]
n.酶，酵素; 发酵剂; 骚动，动乱;
vt.& vi.使发酵; 使骚动; 酝酿;
第三人称单数：ferments过去分词：fermented现在进行时：fermenting过去式：fermented
allure[英][əˈlʊə(r)][美][əˈlʊr]
n.诱惑力，魅力;
vt.& vi.引诱，诱惑; 吸引;
vt.引诱，诱惑; 勾引;
vi.诱人，吸引人;
第三人称单数：allures过去分词：allured现在进行时：alluring过去式：allured
lot[英][lɒt][美][lɑ:t]
n.份额; 许多; 命运; 阄;
adv.（与形容词和副词连用）很，非常; （与动词连用）非常;
pron.大量，许多;
vt.分组，把…划分（常与out连用）; 把（土地）划分成块;
vi.抽签，拈阄;
第三人称单数：lots过去分词：lotted复数：lots现在进行时：lotting过去式：lotted
gross[英][grəʊs][美][groʊs]
adj.总的; 粗俗的; 显而易见的; 恶劣的;
n.总额;
vt.总共收入;
第三人称单数：grosses过去分词：grossed复数：grosses最高级：grossest现在进行时：grossing比较级：grosser过去式：grossed
foodie[英][ˈfu:di][美][ˈfudi]
n.美食家;
复数：foodies
daredevil[英][ˈdeədevl][美][ˈderdevl]
n.蛮勇的人; 冒失鬼; 胆大妄为; 蛮干;
复数：daredevils
What makes hongeo so bad? Well, for starters, it’s made from a fish called skate, which just like sharks, has no bladder or kidneys. Its digestive waste simply oozes out of its skin in the form of uric acid. That’s why sharks and skates need to be eaten fresh. But the Koreans seem to enjoy defying the norm in this case.
是什么让这食物如此糟糕呢？对那些刚吃的人来说，这食物是由一种叫skate的鱼制成的，这鱼和鲨鱼有点类似，没有囊泡或者肾脏。它的消化产物就是简单的通过尿酸的形式从皮肤上拍出来。这就是为什么鲨鱼和skate鱼必须在新鲜的时候食用。但是在这情况下韩国人好像很喜欢打破这种惯例。
bladder[英][ˈblædə(r)][美][ˈblædɚ]
n.膀胱; 囊状物; 水疱; 空话连篇的人;
复数：bladders
digestive[英][daɪˈdʒestɪv][美][daɪˈdʒɛstɪv, dɪ-]
adj.消化的; 助消化的;
n.消化剂;
复数：digestives
ooze[英][u:z][美][uz]
vi.渗出; 慢慢地消失或减退; 慢而稳地进步; 出众;
vt.使液体缓缓流出; （秘密等）泄漏; 溜走; 充分地表露或散发;
n.软泥; 渗出物; 鞣皮用的浸液;
第三人称单数：oozes过去分词：oozed现在进行时：oozing过去式：oozed
uric[英]['jʊərɪk][美]['jʊrɪk]
adj.<术>尿的，在尿中发现的，存在于尿中的;
acid[英][ˈæsɪd][美][ˈæsɪd]
adj.酸味的; 尖刻的; 酸的; 酸性的;
n.<化>酸; 酸味物质;
复数：acids
defy[英][dɪˈfaɪ][美][dɪˈfaɪ]
vt.不服从; 公然反抗; 蔑视; 向…挑战;
n.挑战; 对抗;
第三人称单数：defies过去分词：defied现在进行时：defying过去式：defied
norm[英][nɔ:m][美][nɔ:rm]
n.标准; 规范; 准则; （劳动）定额;
复数：norms
What they do is leave dozens of fresh skates (a cartilage-rich fish that resembles a stingray) stacked up in a walk-in refrigerator. Then they wait, sometimes as long as a month, for the fish to acquire a distinct ‘aroma’, reminiscent of a public urinal. When the smell reaches its worst, the skates are ready to be taken out, sliced up and served raw.
韩国人的做法就是让好几十条的新鲜skate鱼(一种富含软骨和黄貂鱼类似的鱼）堆叠在人能走得进去的冰柜里。然后剩下的就是等待，有时候为了让鱼有一种特别的味道，这味道会让人联想到公共小便器，他们必须等上一个月。当味道变得最糟糕的时候，这时候鱼就可以取出来了，切成片，就可以生吃了。
cartilage[英][ˈkɑ:tɪlɪdʒ][美][ˈkɑ:rtɪlɪdʒ]
n.<解>软骨; 软骨结构;
复数：cartilages
stingray[英][ˈstɪŋreɪ][美][ˈstɪŋˌre]
n.黄貂鱼;
复数：stingrays
walk-in[英][ˈwɔ:kˌin][美][ˈwɔkˌɪn]
n.人进得去的大壁橱（或大冰箱、大冷藏室等）; 轻易获得的竞选胜利; 没有预定的散客;
adj.（服务）不必预约的，未经预约而来的; （储存区）宽敞得可以走进人的;
distinct[英][dɪˈstɪŋkt][美][dɪˈstɪŋkt]
adj.明显的，清楚的; 卓越的，不寻常的; 有区别的; 确切的;
aroma[英][əˈrəʊmə][美][əˈroʊmə]
n.芳香，香味; 气派，风格;
复数：aromas
reminiscent[英][ˌremɪˈnɪsnt][美][ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt]
adj.怀旧的; 回忆往事的; 使人联想…的;
n.回忆录作者;
urinal[英][jʊəˈraɪnl][美][ˈjʊrənl]
n.尿壶; 小便处，小便池;
复数：urinals
raw[英][rɔ:][美][rɔ]
adj.生的，未加工的; 无经验的; 新近完成的; 发炎的，疼痛的;
vt.擦伤; 使赤身露体;
n.（身体的）擦伤部位; 红肿部位; 半成品; 原料;
最高级：rawest比较级：rawer

When skate flesh is fermented, the uric acid in its skin intensifies into ammonia. And if you’ve ever been in direct contact with ammonia, you’ll know that its gag-inducing stench is not something you want in your mouth. The smell won’t leave you for hours after you’ve had the dish, lingering on your clothes, skin and hair, raising some serious questions from the people around you.
当skate的鱼身发酵好后，皮肤中的尿酸就会强化成氨。如果你曾经直接接触过氨的话，你就会知道它那种令人作呕的味道你是不会想放进你嘴里的。在你食用这食物数小时后，这味道才会消失，否者会徘徊在你的衣服，皮肤和头发上，甚至会引发你周围的人对你产生很大问题。
intensify[英][ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ][美][ɪnˈtɛnsəˌfaɪ]
vt.& vi.（使）增强，（使）加剧; 增加（照片图象）的对比度; 变强或增强;
第三人称单数：intensifies过去分词：intensified现在进行时：intensifying过去式：intensified
ammonia[英][əˈməʊniə][美][əˈmoʊniə]
n.氨; 氨水; 氨气;
gag[英][gæg][美][ɡæɡ]
n.塞口物，（牲畜的）口衔; 言论限制; 恶作剧; 张口器;
vt.塞住…的口; 抑制言论自由; 使窒息; 用张口器将嘴张开;
vi.作呕; 窒息; 开玩笑，说俏皮话;
第三人称单数：gags过去分词：gagged复数：gags现在进行时：gagging过去式：gagged
induce[英][ɪnˈdju:s][美][ɪnˈdu:s]
vt.引诱; 引起; [电]感应; 归纳;
第三人称单数：induces过去分词：induced现在进行时：inducing过去式：induced
stench[英][stentʃ][美][stɛntʃ]
n.臭气，恶臭;
vi.使)发恶臭;
vt.发恶臭;
复数：stenches
linger[英][ˈlɪŋgə(r)][美][ˈlɪŋɡɚ]
vi.逗留，徘徊; 缓慢消失;
第三人称单数：lingers过去分词：lingered现在进行时：lingering过去式：lingered
But for seasoned hongeo eaters, the stinking, glistening, dark-pink fish steaks are a real treat. “Some people start to crave it as soon as they smell the ammonia,” said Shin Ji-woo, who works in a seafood store in Mokpo. “There’s no need to advertise how intense the smell is. Everyone already knows.”
但是对老练的hongo食用者，这发臭，发光，暗紫色的鱼排却是一道美食。“一些人闻到这氨的味道就想吃，”一个在Mokpo海产店工作的员工说道。“根本不需要宣传味道有多浓。每个人都知道了。”
stinking[英][ˈstɪŋkɪŋ][美][ˈstɪŋkɪŋ]
adj.臭的，烂醉的，讨厌的;
v.散发出恶臭( stink的现在分词 ); 发臭味; 名声臭; 糟透;
glistening[英]['glɪstnɪŋ][美]['glɪstnɪŋ]
adj.闪耀的，反光的;
v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的现在分词 );
crave[英][kreɪv][美][krev]
vt.& vi.渴望，热望; 恳求，恳请; 要求，需要;
vt.恳求，请求; 渴望;
第三人称单数：craves过去分词：craved现在进行时：craving过去式：craved

The origins of hongeo are not clear, but experts say it might have been invented in the days prior to refrigeration. Food that could keep for a long time without rotting was popular back then. So a clever fisherman must have discovered that skate doesn’t spoil as easily as other fish. The traditional method to make hongeo involved putting the fish on a bed of hay inside a clay pot, piling on more hay on top, and leaving it to ferment, for several days.
关于hongeo的起源并不清楚，但是专家说这东西可能会早于冷冻技术前就发明了。那时候能够保持很长一段时间而不腐败的食物很受欢迎。因此聪明的渔夫肯定发现了skate鱼相较于其他鱼不是那么容易变质。传统制造hongeo的方法需要将鱼放在粘土制成的罐子里的干草上，再在鱼上覆盖更多的干草，让鱼发酵数天。
refrigeration[英][rɪˌfrɪdʒə'reɪʃn][美][rɪˌfrɪdʒə'reɪʃn]
n.冷藏，冷冻;
spoil[英][spɔɪl][美][spɔɪl]
vi.变质; 掠夺; 腐败;
vt.损坏，糟蹋; 把（酒，肉等）放坏; 溺爱坏，宠坏（孩子等）; 抢劫，掠夺;
n.抢劫，掠夺; 废品，次品; 成功所带来的好处; （开掘等时挖出的）弃土;
第三人称单数：spoils过去分词：spoilt spoiled现在进行时：spoiling过去式：spoilt spoiled
hay[英][heɪ][美][he]
n.干草; 少量的钱; 一种乡村舞蹈; 成果，酬报;
vt.把（草）制成干草; 用干草喂;
vi.割草晒干;
第三人称单数：hays过去分词：hayed复数：hays现在进行时：haying过去式：hayed
clay[英][kleɪ][美][kle]
n.黏土，泥土; （相对于灵魂而言的）人体，肉体; 似黏土的东西; 克莱（男子名， Clayton 的昵称）;
vt.用黏土处理;
复数：clays
The store where Shin works has two refrigerators dedicated to fermenting skate. If you walk into one of them, the blast of ammonia will almost burn your eyes and nose, all the way down to your lungs. The skate is placed in the first refrigerator for up to 15 days at 2.5 degrees C and then moved to the second one for another 15 days, at 1 degree C. Several shops in Mokpo supply custom-fermented skate to restaurants and individuals around South Korea. Over 11,000 tons of hongeo are consumed annually in the nation.
Shin工作的地方有两个专门用于发酵skate鱼的冰柜。如果你走进其中的一个的话，强烈的氨几乎会让你的眼睛和鼻子燃烧起来，一直到你到肺部都会有这感觉。skate鱼在第一个冰柜中以2.5摄氏度保持15天，然后再移动到第二个在1摄氏度下保存15天。位于Mokpo的好几家商店都为韩国的餐馆和个人提供定制发酵的skate鱼。在韩国每年都有11000吨的hongeo被食用。
blast[英][blɑ:st][美][blæst]
n.爆炸; 一阵（疾风等）; （吹奏乐器、哨子、汽车喇叭等突然发出的）响声; 突如其来的强劲气流;
vt.击毁，摧毁; 尖响; 裁判高声吹哨; 枯萎：使枯萎;
vi.爆炸; 吼叫; 枯萎：枯萎; 攻击：严厉批评或猛烈攻击;
第三人称单数：blasts过去分词：blasted复数：blasts现在进行时：blasting过去式：blasted
annually[英][ˈænjuəli][美][ˈænjʊəlɪ]
adv.每年，每年一次; 一年一度;

Let’s face it – no one is born with a natural affinity for ammonia, I’m sure it’s an acquired taste. First timers have a generally horrible experience with hongeo. They try sandwiching it with as much garnish as they can – red pepper paste, salty mini shrimp, raw garlic, strong kimchi, chili salt, and slices of boiled pork. Yet, they squeeze their eyes shut before shoving it into their mouths, with tears streaming down their cheeks. When the gag-reflex kicks in, not many are able to hold it down.
让我们勇敢面对吧，没有人生来就可以有自然接受氨的亲和力，我确信这是可以习惯的味道。第一次闻的人肯定有非常糟糕的经历。他们肯定非常想用尽可能多的作料来料理这鱼，红辣椒酱，咸小虾，大蒜，泡菜，辣椒盐和煮熟的猪肉片。但是在把skate放进嘴之前，他们就把眼睛闭上了，眼泪也从他们脸颊上流下来了。当作呕的味道从胃里出来的时候，几乎没几个人能把它咽下去。
affinity[英][əˈfɪnəti][美][əˈfɪnɪti]
n.密切关系，姻亲关系; （男女之间的）吸引力，吸引人的异性; 类同; 类似，近似;
复数：affinities
timers
n.定时器( timer的名词复数 ); 点火调节装置; 时计; （比赛中用的）跑表;
sandwich[英][ˈsænwɪtʃ][美][ˈsændwɪtʃ, ˈsæn-]
n.三明治; 夹心面包; 状似三明治的东西;
vt.把…夹在…之间; 把…做成三明治;
第三人称单数：sandwiches过去分词：sandwiched复数：sandwiches现在进行时：sandwiching过去式：sandwiched
garnish[英][ˈgɑ:nɪʃ][美][ˈgɑ:rnɪʃ]
vt.装饰，文饰; 给…加配菜; [法]传讯;
n.装饰，装饰品; 华丽的词藻; 配菜; <俚>勒索金;
第三人称单数：garnishes过去分词：garnished复数：garnishes现在进行时：garnishing过去式：garnished
pork[英][pɔ:k][美][pɔ:rk]
n.猪肉; 〈美俚〉支持政党上台所分到的好处，政治分肥; 〈古〉猪;
shut[英][ʃʌt][美][ʃʌt]
vt.& vi.关闭; 合上; 打烊; 闭上;
adj.关闭; 停业; 合拢; 关门;
第三人称单数：shuts过去分词：shut现在进行时：shutting过去式：shut
shove[英][ʃʌv][美][ʃʌv]
vt.& vi.推，猛推;
vt.〈口〉乱放，乱塞; 随手扔;
n.推，推开;
第三人称单数：shoves过去分词：shoved复数：shoves现在进行时：shoving过去式：shoved
reflex[英][ˈri:fleks][美][ˈriˌflɛks]
n.反应能力; 反射作用; 复印，复制; 影像，映像;
adj.反射的，反射性的; 反作用的; 反省的，回想的; 本能的;
vt.反折; 反曲; 反射;
复数：reflexes
Hongeo tastes just as awful as it smells. It has an extremely chewy texture, with spongy flesh and hard cartilage, making it difficult to swallow. Joe McPherson, who writes for the Korean food blog ZenKimchi, said: “It’s a freaking punch in the face. Like everyone else, I gagged the first time. Even with some of the most powerful flavors in the world to put up against it, it does not cover up the flavor at all.” Surprisingly, Joe is now a huge devotee of the dish.
这鱼品尝起来和闻起来一样糟糕，它有非常难以咀嚼的结构，这结构还非常有弹性和很硬的软骨，这让人非常难以咽下去。韩国美食博客ZenKimchi的撰稿人Joe McPherson说道：“这就像一击力量非常大的拳打在脸上。和其他人一样，我第一也感觉作呕。即使放了这世界上最强大的调味料无法覆盖它的味道。”很奇怪的是，他现在也爱上了这东西。
chewy[英][ˈtʃu:i][美][ˈtʃui]
adj.（食物）耐嚼的，不易嚼碎的;
最高级：chewiest比较级：chewier
texture[英][ˈtekstʃə(r)][美][ˈtɛkstʃɚ]
n.质地; 结构; 本质;
v.使具有某种结构;
第三人称单数：textures过去分词：textured复数：textures现在进行时：texturing过去式：textured
spongy[英][ˈspʌndʒi][美][ˈspʌndʒi]
adj.海绵似的，柔软吸水的，富有弹性的; 肉; 瓤; 多水;
freaking[英][ˈfri:kɪŋ][美][ˈfrikɪŋ]
adj.（用以加强语气）该死的，使人憎厌的，糟透的;
adv.非常，十分，极;
v.（使）强烈反应，震惊，畏惧( freak的现在分词 );
devotee[英][ˌdevəˈti:][美][ˌdɛvəˈti, -ˈte]
n.热爱者，迷恋者; 皈依者; 信徒;
复数：devotees