A double homicide case that receivednational publicity involved Susan Smith, the mother of Alex and Michael, whopurposely let her car, with her two small sons inside, roll into John D. LongLake in Union, South Carolina.联邦中心收到一起两个小孩被谋杀的案件,苏珊·史密斯——亚历克斯和迈克尔的母亲,故意让她的车子——载着她的两个小孩,冲进了位于南卡罗莱纳的约翰·D·朗恩湖。 Smith first went to a nearby home where shebanged on the door, screaming, “He’s got my kidsand he’s got my car.A black man has got my kids and my car.” The home owners called 911.史密斯先到附近的一个人家敲门,说:一个黑人开走了我的车,车上有我的两个孩子。那个人家的主人马上打了911. Smith told police that she was stopped at ared light when a black man jumped in her car and told her to drive.史密斯告诉警方,她停在红灯时,一名黑人男子跳上她的车,并告诉她开车。 Eventually Smith said the man told her toget out of the car and he proceeded to drive off with her children.最后,史密斯说那个男的让她下车,他进入驾驶座把车开走了,车上载着她的孩子们。 Smith attempted to steer the investigationaway from her by creating a false scenario to detract police.史密斯试着把调查方向从自己身上引开,通过编造虚假的情节来误导警察。 She was interviewed on many occasions, andpolice began to catch the inconsistencies in her story.她接受了许多询问,警察开始发现她故事中的矛盾。 In addition, the manner in which she spokeof her children’s disappearances made police questionher as a potential suspect.另外,她讲述自己孩子失踪的方式使警察把她当成潜在的嫌疑人进行询问。 During numerous interviews, Smith spokeabout her sons in the past tense; at one point she said, “No man would ever make me hurt mychildren.”在多次询问中,史密斯用过去式讲述自己的儿子,一次她说,再也没人会让我伤害我的孩子。 This statement told police that shebelieved her children were not alive.这句话告诉警方,她相信她的孩子已经遇害。 Police began to focusthe investigation on Smith, who ultimately confessed during an interview withan investigator.警方开始重视对史密斯的调查,在一次询问中她最终承认了。
A landmark case for the NCAVC in the use ofsignature analysis was the 1991 trial of George Russell Jr., charged with thebludgeoning and strangulation murder of three women in Seattle. 联邦暴力犯罪分析中心使用专属特征分析法的一个里程碑式的案例是1991年的小乔治罗素的审判,被指控在西雅图用重击和绳勒杀害了三名女性。 Each victim was blitz-attacked, with allthree killings happening over a seven-week period. 每个受害人都遭到突然的袭击,并且三次谋杀发生在七周的时间内。 All three women were left naked and posedprovocatively and degradingly.三名女性尸体都被赤裸的展示出来,充满了挑逗和侮辱的意味。 The sexual content of the posed sceneescalated from one victim to the next. 构成场景的色情内容,从一个受害者到下一个不断升级。 The first victim was posed with handsclasped and legs crossed at the ankles and left near a sewer grate and trashdumpster. 第一个被害者被摆成双手紧抱,双脚在脚踝处交叉的姿势,被遗弃在一个下水道口和大型垃圾箱附近。 The second victim was posed on a bed with apillow over her head, her legs bent out to each side, a rifle inserted into hervagina, and red high heels on her feet.第二个受害者被摆在床上,头下面垫着一个枕头,她的腿被弯向了两侧,来复枪塞进她的yindao,脚上还穿着红色的高跟鞋。 The final victim was posed on her bed withher legs spread, with a dildo in her mouth, and a copy of The Joy of Sex placedunder her left arm.最后一个被害人被摆在床上两腿分开,嘴里塞着假yinjing,一本《xingai圣经》的副本被放在她的左臂之下。 The blitz attacks were necessary to killthese women; the degrading posing was not.突袭对于杀害这些妇女是必须的,但是侮辱性的暴露尸体却不是。 One of the chapter authors (J.E.D.) wouldtestify at the hearing advising jurors of the fact that there are not manycases of posing, that is, when the offender treats the victim like a prop toleave a specific message.其中一个章节的作者(J.E.D)在审讯的过程中证实给陪审团提过建议,陈尸的案例并不多见,罪犯把被害人作为一个传递特殊信息的道具。 These crimes are usually crimes of angerand of power.这些犯罪通常是愤怒的充满力量的。 It is the thrill of the hunt, the thrill ofthe kill, and the thrill afterward of how the offender leaves the victim thatmakes the offender feel as though he has beat the system.这是一种狩猎的快感,杀人的快感,如何摆放尸体让罪犯感到自己击败了整个司法系统的快感。 Douglas, relying on the signature aspectsof the crimes, believed that whoever killed one of these victims killed allthree. 道格拉斯根据专属特征的表现,相信这三起案件是同一个人所为。 A jury ultimately found Russell guilty ofone count of first-degree murder and two counts of aggravated first-degreemurder.陪审团最终认定拉塞尔要为这三起谋杀负责。 He was sentenced tolife in prison without possibility of parole.他被判处终身监禁并禁止假释。
Increasing numbers of anti-Semitic hatecrimes show staging.反犹太主义的犯罪的数量呈阶梯状上升。 In March 2004, Kerri Dunn, a professor atClaremont McKenna College, reported her car had been vandalized in the campusparking lot.2004年3月,凯里邓恩,一名克莱蒙特·麦肯纳学院的教授,报告称她的车在校内停车场被毁坏。 The police report confirmed her car windowshad been broken, the tires slashed, and a swastika, “Kike Whore,” and “Nigger Lover,” painted on the doors and hood of the vehicle.警方证实她的车子车窗被打碎,轮胎被割破,车门和引擎盖上留下了一个万字符,和“犹太妓女”“黑鬼情人”这样的字 The Jewish community was understandablyupset by the incident and demanded that the college administration take someaction to prevent this type of behavior from occurring in the future.犹太人联合会对这次事件十分不满,并要求学校管理部门采取措施防止这类事情的发生。 The upheaval ended when two students toldinvestigators they witnessed Dunn vandalizing her own car.事件平息后,有两名学生告诉调查人员,他们曾目击到邓恩自己毁坏了自己的车子。 It was known that Dunn was in the processof converting from Catholicism to Judaism, which may be one of the reasons thatshe committed the act.据了解,邓恩处在从天主教向犹太教转变的过程中,这就成为了她做这些事的原因。 There was also speculation that perhaps itwas a mandatory initiation rite.也有人猜测这是强制的入会仪式。 A jury ultimatelyfound Dunn guilty of staging the anti-Semitic hate crime.陪审团最终认定邓恩伪装反犹太主义的行为是犯罪。
Forensic Red Flags法医检验疑点 Do the injuries fit the crime?伤害是否和这个犯罪相当? Forensic results that do not fit the crimeshould cause the investigator to think about staging.和犯罪不相称的法医结果应该引起调查者关于是否存在伪装的思考。 The presence of a personal-type assaultusing a weapon of opportunity when the initial motive for the offense appearsto be for material gain should raise suspicion.这样的存在需要引起怀疑:当对于犯罪的最初的动机显示是物质利益,却用武器进行针对个人化的攻击。 This type of assault also includes manualor ligature strangulation, facial beating (depersonalization), and excessivetrauma beyond that necessary to cause death (overkill). 这种类型的攻击不仅包括亲手或者用绳索勒死,脸部的攻击(毁容),和过度创伤超出引起死亡的必要限度(过度杀戮)。 Generally, the more evidence there is ofoverkill, the closer the relationship is between the victim and the offender.通常,越多的过度杀戮的证据,罪犯和被害人之间的关系越密切。 Sexual and domestic homicides demonstrateforensic findings of this type: a close-range, personalized assault. 性凶杀和家庭凶杀案件的法医报告都是这种类型的:一种近距离的针对个人的攻击。 The victim (not money or goods) is theprimary focus on the offender.被害人是罪犯的主要焦点而不是钱和物品。 This type of offender often attempts tostage a sexual or domestic homicide to appear motivated by criminal enterprise.这种类型的罪犯经常试着把一起性凶杀或者家庭凶杀伪装成犯罪利益型。 This does not imply that personal-typeassaults never happen during the commission of a property crime, but usuallythe criminal enterprise offender prefers a quick, clean kill that reduces time atthe scene.这并不意味着针对个人的攻击行为不会发生在财产犯罪过程中,但是通常这种犯罪利益型的行凶者会选择一种快速便捷的杀人方式可以减少在现场的时间。 Any forensic red flags should be placed incontext with victimology and crime scene information after careful analysis.任何法医报告的红色信号(疑点)应该在认真分析后,和被害情况分析和现场信息进行交叉对比。 Other discrepancies may arise when theaccount of a witness or survivor conflicts with forensic findings.当目击者或者生还者的口供和法医结果发生冲突的时候, 其他的差异也可能出现,。 In one case, an estranged wife found herhusband, a professional golfer, dead in the bathroom tub with the waterrunning.一个案例,一个分居的妻子发现他的丈夫——职业高尔夫球手,死在不断出水的浴缸里。 Initially it appeared as if the golfer hadslipped in the tub, struck his head on the bathroom fixture, and drowned.起初,这看上去像是球手在浴缸里滑倒,头部撞到了浴室里的设备上,然后淹死了。 However, the autopsy began to raisesuspicion.然而,尸检开始引起怀疑。 Toxicology reports revealed a high level ofValium in the victim’s bloodstream at the time of death.毒理检测报告显示被害人死亡时血液里有高浓度的安定。 The autopsy also revealed severalconcentrated areas of injury or impact points on the head, as if the victim hadstruck his head more than once.尸检还显示了头部几处集中的伤痕或者说是几处撞击点,好像被害人撞击头部不止一次。 Later, investigators learned the wife hadbeen with him the night of his death.最后,调查人员了解到他的妻子在他死亡的那一晚和他在一起。 The wife later confessed that she had madedinner for her husband and had laced his salad with Valium.他的妻子最后承认她给她的丈夫做了晚餐,并且在沙拉里放了安定。 After her husband passed out, she let threemen she hired into the house to kill him and make the death look accidental.在她的丈夫晕倒之后,她让自己雇佣三个人进入房间杀了他,让这次死亡看起来像事故。 Investigators often find forensicdiscrepancies when a subject stages a rape murder.调查人员经常会发现不符点,当有人把其他案件伪装成强奸杀人案时。 The offender frequently positions thevictim to imply sexual assault has occurred.罪犯通常都会把被害人摆放得像遭到了性侵犯。 An offender who has a close relationshipwith the victim will often only partially remove the victim’s clothing (for example, pantspulled down, shirt or dress pulled up).和被害人关系紧密的罪犯经常只褪去被害人部分的衣物(例如,裤子被拉下来,衬衫或者裙子被拉了上去。) He rarely leaves the victim totally nude.他很少会让被害人完全裸露。 Despite the body’s positioning and thepartial removal of clothes, the forensic examination demonstrates a lack ofsexual assault.尽管尸体的摆放和部分褪去的衣物,但法医的检查表明并没有被实施过性侵犯。 The investigator should remember thatsexual assault can take many forms, including exploratory probing, regressivenecrophilia, and insertion of objects.调查人员应该记住性侵犯可能有多种形式,包括探索型的,性欲倒错的恋尸癖和异物的插入。 With a staged sexual assault, there isusually no evidence of any sexual activity and an absence of seminal fluids inthe body orifices. 伪装的性侵犯,通常没有证据显示任何性活动,并且在身体里没有精液。 An investigator who suspects a staged crimescene should look for other signs of close offender association with thevictim, such as washing up or any other indications of undoing.对伪装的犯罪现场有怀疑的调查人员应该寻找其他与罪犯活动密切相关的标志,例如洗刷清洁或者其他情绪抵消(忏悔)行为的标志。 In addition, when an offender stages adomestic homicide, he frequently plans and maneuvers a third-party discovery ofthe victim.此外,当罪犯在伪装一起家庭谋杀时,他通常计划和预演让第三人发现被害者。 The case that involved the husband staginghis wife’s murder to appear as the work of an intruder illustrates this point.有个案件涉及丈夫把妻子的谋杀伪装成入室者的所为,印证了这种情况。 Instead of going upstairs to check on hiswife and daughter, he called his brother, who lived across the street.不是上楼检查他的妻子和女儿,而是打电话给他的兄弟,住在街的对面。 The husband stayed downstairs in thekitchen while the brother ran upstairs and discovered the victim.丈夫在楼下的厨房里,当他的兄弟跑上楼发现被害人。 Offenders often manipulate the victim’sdiscovery by a neighbor or family member or will be conveniently elsewhere whenthe victim is discovered.行凶者通常操纵被害人让邻居或者其他家庭成员发现,或者其他地方被害人方便被发现的地方。