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NO.1 自然方面的阅读
第一类型 Food crops 农作物
1. abandon
v. To leave; to give up 放弃
例句：To save their lives, the sailors had to abandon the sinking ship.
其他形式：abandonment n
2. adversely
adv. In a harmful way; negatively 不利地
例句：Excessive rainfall early in the spring can adversely affect the plant-ing of crops.
Usage tips Adversely is often followed by affect.
其他形式：adversity n, adverse adj
3. aggregate
adj. Gathered into or amounting to a whole 合计
例句：It is impossible to judge last year’s performance without knowing
the aggregate sales numbers.
小贴士： Aggregate is often followed by a term like sum, total, or
numbers.
其他形式： aggregate v, aggregate n
4. cultivation
n. Preparing the land to grow crops; improvement foragricultural purposes 耕耘；养殖
例句：With the development of land cultivation, hunters and gathererswere able to settle in one place.
其他形式：cultivate v
5. fertilize
v. To supply with nourishment for plants by adding helpful 施肥
substances to the soil
例句：This farm fertilizes tomatoes more than any other crop.
其他形式：fertilizer n, fertilization n
6. intensify
v. To increase in power; to act with increased strength 加强
例句：Jacob’s long absence intensified his certainty that he should marryRose.
其他形式：intensification n, intense adj
7. irrigation
n. The supplying of water to dry land 灌溉
例句：In dry areas of the country, you can see ditches all over the farm land for irrigation
其他形式：irrigate v
8. obtain
v. To gain possession of; to get 获取;谋取
例句：After a series of difficult interviews, he finally was able to obtain the job.
9. photosynthesis
n. The process by which green plants make theirown food by combining water, salts, and carbon dioxide in the pres-ence of light. 光合作用
例句：Oxygen is a by-product of the process of photosynthesis
其他形式： photosynthesize v
10. precipitation
n. Water that falls to the Earth’s surface 沉淀
例句：In the Pacific Northwest, the high level of precipitation ensures rich,green plant life.
第一类型 Food crops 农作物
1. abandon
v. To leave; to give up 放弃
例句：To save their lives, the sailors had to abandon the sinking ship.
其他形式：abandonment n
2. adversely
adv. In a harmful way; negatively 不利地
例句：Excessive rainfall early in the spring can adversely affect the plant-ing of crops.
Usage tips Adversely is often followed by affect.
其他形式：adversity n, adverse adj
3. aggregate
adj. Gathered into or amounting to a whole 合计
例句：It is impossible to judge last year’s performance without knowing
the aggregate sales numbers.
小贴士： Aggregate is often followed by a term like sum, total, or
numbers.
其他形式： aggregate v, aggregate n
4. cultivation
n. Preparing the land to grow crops; improvement foragricultural purposes 耕耘；养殖
例句：With the development of land cultivation, hunters and gathererswere able to settle in one place.
其他形式：cultivate v
5. fertilize
v. To supply with nourishment for plants by adding helpful 施肥
substances to the soil
例句：This farm fertilizes tomatoes more than any other crop.
其他形式：fertilizer n, fertilization n
6. intensify
v. To increase in power; to act with increased strength 加强
例句：Jacob’s long absence intensified his certainty that he should marryRose.
其他形式：intensification n, intense adj
7. irrigation
n. The supplying of water to dry land 灌溉
例句：In dry areas of the country, you can see ditches all over the farm land for irrigation
其他形式：irrigate v
8. obtain
v. To gain possession of; to get 获取;谋取
例句：After a series of difficult interviews, he finally was able to obtain the job.
9. photosynthesis
n. The process by which green plants make theirown food by combining water, salts, and carbon dioxide in the pres-ence of light. 光合作用
例句：Oxygen is a by-product of the process of photosynthesis
其他形式： photosynthesize v
10. precipitation
n. Water that falls to the Earth’s surface 沉淀
例句：In the Pacific Northwest, the high level of precipitation ensures rich,green plant life.
第二类型 disaster 灾害
1. anticipate
v. To expect; to sense something before it happens 预料；预知
例句：By placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists can antici-pate some tremors in time to warn the public.
其他形式：anticipation n, anticipatory adj
2. catastrophic
adj. Extremely harmful; causing financial or physical ruin 灾难性的
例句：The architect died in a catastrophic elevator accident.
其他形式：catastrophe n, catastrophically adv
3. collide
v. To come together with great or violent force 碰撞；相撞
例句：As usual, their holiday was ruined when their in-laws’ views on poli-tics collided with their own.
其他形式：collision n
4. eruption
n. A sudden, often violent, outburst 喷发；火山爆发
例句：The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 caused 57 deaths and
immeasurable change to the face of the mountain.
小贴士：Eruption is often followed by an of phrase.
其他形式：erupt v
5. famine
n. Severe hunger; a drastic food shortage 饥荒
例句：The potato famine in Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century caused
large numbers of Irish people to emigrate to America.
6. flood
n. An overflowing of water; an excessive amount 水灾；洪灾
The constant rain and poor drainage system caused a flood in town.
例句：The political party sent out a flood of letters criticizing theiropponents.
其他形式：flood v
7. impact
n. A strong influence 影响
The speech about the importance of education made an impacton me.
小贴士：Impact is usually followed by on or of.
其他形式：impact v
8. persevere
v. To keep going, despite obstacles or discouragement; tomaintain a purpose 持之以恒
例句：The hikers persevered despite the bad weather and the icy trail.
其他形式：persist v, persistent adj
9. plunge
v. To go down suddenly; to decrease by a great amount in ashort time 跳水；突然下降
例句：He jumped off the diving board and plunged into the pool.
The value of the company’s stock plunged after its chief executivewas arrested.
小贴士：Plunge is often followed by an into phrase.
其他形式：plunge n
10. unleash
v. To release a thing or an emotion 放开；发挥；发动
例句：When they saw the strange man on their property, they unleashed
their dogs.
He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to un-
leash his feelings.
1. anticipate
v. To expect; to sense something before it happens 预料；预知
例句：By placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists can antici-pate some tremors in time to warn the public.
其他形式：anticipation n, anticipatory adj
2. catastrophic
adj. Extremely harmful; causing financial or physical ruin 灾难性的
例句：The architect died in a catastrophic elevator accident.
其他形式：catastrophe n, catastrophically adv
3. collide
v. To come together with great or violent force 碰撞；相撞
例句：As usual, their holiday was ruined when their in-laws’ views on poli-tics collided with their own.
其他形式：collision n
4. eruption
n. A sudden, often violent, outburst 喷发；火山爆发
例句：The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 caused 57 deaths and
immeasurable change to the face of the mountain.
小贴士：Eruption is often followed by an of phrase.
其他形式：erupt v
5. famine
n. Severe hunger; a drastic food shortage 饥荒
例句：The potato famine in Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century caused
large numbers of Irish people to emigrate to America.
6. flood
n. An overflowing of water; an excessive amount 水灾；洪灾
The constant rain and poor drainage system caused a flood in town.
例句：The political party sent out a flood of letters criticizing theiropponents.
其他形式：flood v
7. impact
n. A strong influence 影响
The speech about the importance of education made an impacton me.
小贴士：Impact is usually followed by on or of.
其他形式：impact v
8. persevere
v. To keep going, despite obstacles or discouragement; tomaintain a purpose 持之以恒
例句：The hikers persevered despite the bad weather and the icy trail.
其他形式：persist v, persistent adj
9. plunge
v. To go down suddenly; to decrease by a great amount in ashort time 跳水；突然下降
例句：He jumped off the diving board and plunged into the pool.
The value of the company’s stock plunged after its chief executivewas arrested.
小贴士：Plunge is often followed by an into phrase.
其他形式：plunge n
10. unleash
v. To release a thing or an emotion 放开；发挥；发动
例句：When they saw the strange man on their property, they unleashed
their dogs.
He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to un-
leash his feelings.
第三类型 evolution and migration 进化和迁移
1. adapt
v. To adjust to the circumstances; to make suitableDinosaurs could not adapt to the warmer temperatures. 适应
例句：The teacher adapted the exercises for his more advanced students.
小贴士：Adapt is often followed by to.
其他形式：adaptation n, adapter n, adaptable adj
2. diverse
n. Various; showing a lot of differences within a group 多样；繁杂
例句：India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world.
小提示LAn -ly adverb (e.g., linguistically) often comes beforediverse.
其他形式：diversify v, diversity n, diversification n
3. evolve
v. To develop; to come forth 发展 ；演变
例句：Modern-day sharks evolved from their ancestor Eryops, which livedmore than 200 million years ago.
小贴士：Evolve is often followed by into or from.
其他形式： evolution n, evolutionist n
4. feature
n. Part, characteristic 特点
例句：The best feature of this car is its heated seats.
小贴士：Feature is often followed by of.
其他形式：feature v
5. generation
n. A group of people born at about the same time 一代人
例句：As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control
of the company.
小贴士：Before generation, an adjective like new, next, earlier, or
older is common. Generation is often followed by of.
其他形式：generational adj
6. inherent
adj. Naturally characteristic; always found within something,because it’s a basic part of that thing 固有的
例句：No job can be interesting all the time. Boredom is inherent in anykind of work.
小贴士：Inherent is often followed by in.
其他形式： inherently adv
7. migration
n. Movement from one place to another by a group of peo-ple or animals 迁徙
例句：The migration of farm workers from one state to the next dependsprimarily on the harvest.
小贴士：Migration is often followed by to or from.
其他形式：migrate v, migrant n, migratory adj
8. physical
adj. Related to the body; related to materials that can be seenor felt 身体上的
例句：Because of the shape of its throat, an ape does not have the physicalability to speak.
The mountains form a physical barrier between the west and theeast.
小贴士： Physical usually comes before the noun it describes.
其他形式：physically adv
9. process
n. A series of steps leading to a result 进行
例句：To get a good job, most people go through a long process of letter-
writing and interviews.
小贴士：Process is often followed by of plus the -ing form of averb.
其他形式：proceed v, process v
10. survive
v. To continue living (despite some danger or illness) 生存
例句：After getting lost in the mountains, Gordon survived by eating wildplants and catching fish.
小贴士： Survive is often followed by a phrase with by.
其他形式：survivor n, survival n
1. adapt
v. To adjust to the circumstances; to make suitableDinosaurs could not adapt to the warmer temperatures. 适应
例句：The teacher adapted the exercises for his more advanced students.
小贴士：Adapt is often followed by to.
其他形式：adaptation n, adapter n, adaptable adj
2. diverse
n. Various; showing a lot of differences within a group 多样；繁杂
例句：India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world.
小提示LAn -ly adverb (e.g., linguistically) often comes beforediverse.
其他形式：diversify v, diversity n, diversification n
3. evolve
v. To develop; to come forth 发展 ；演变
例句：Modern-day sharks evolved from their ancestor Eryops, which livedmore than 200 million years ago.
小贴士：Evolve is often followed by into or from.
其他形式： evolution n, evolutionist n
4. feature
n. Part, characteristic 特点
例句：The best feature of this car is its heated seats.
小贴士：Feature is often followed by of.
其他形式：feature v
5. generation
n. A group of people born at about the same time 一代人
例句：As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control
of the company.
小贴士：Before generation, an adjective like new, next, earlier, or
older is common. Generation is often followed by of.
其他形式：generational adj
6. inherent
adj. Naturally characteristic; always found within something,because it’s a basic part of that thing 固有的
例句：No job can be interesting all the time. Boredom is inherent in anykind of work.
小贴士：Inherent is often followed by in.
其他形式： inherently adv
7. migration
n. Movement from one place to another by a group of peo-ple or animals 迁徙
例句：The migration of farm workers from one state to the next dependsprimarily on the harvest.
小贴士：Migration is often followed by to or from.
其他形式：migrate v, migrant n, migratory adj
8. physical
adj. Related to the body; related to materials that can be seenor felt 身体上的
例句：Because of the shape of its throat, an ape does not have the physicalability to speak.
The mountains form a physical barrier between the west and theeast.
小贴士： Physical usually comes before the noun it describes.
其他形式：physically adv
9. process
n. A series of steps leading to a result 进行
例句：To get a good job, most people go through a long process of letter-
writing and interviews.
小贴士：Process is often followed by of plus the -ing form of averb.
其他形式：proceed v, process v
10. survive
v. To continue living (despite some danger or illness) 生存
例句：After getting lost in the mountains, Gordon survived by eating wildplants and catching fish.
小贴士： Survive is often followed by a phrase with by.
其他形式：survivor n, survival n
第四类型 Petroleum Alternatives 石油替代品
1. constraint
n. Something that restricts thought or action 约束；局促
例句：The constraints of military life kept Eileen from seeing Private Mor-ris more than once a month.
其他形式： constrain v
2. contamination
n. Being made less clean by a germ or hazardous substance 污染
例句：The contamination in the river came from the factory located justupstream.
其他形式：contaminate v, contaminant n
3. deplete
v. To greatly decrease the supply of a resource or material 耗尽；消耗
例句：The prolonged war depleted the country’s national treasury.
其他形式：depletion n
4. dispose of
v. To throw away; to get rid of; to kill 扔掉；处置掉
例句：She disposed of her unwanted possessions before moving.
The tyrant cruelly disposed of all his enemies.
小贴士： Dispose of should be learned as a unit. In this meaning,dispose does not occur without of.
其他形式：disposal n, disposable adj
5. elementally
adv. In terms of elements; basically 基本上
例句：Elementally, coal and diamonds are the same.
其他形式：element n, elemental adj
6. emission
n. Sending out from a small space into the general environment; a substance discharged into the air 发射；排放
例句：The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the emission ofpollutants into the air.
小贴士：Emission is usually followed by an of phrase.
其他形式：emit v
7. extinction
n. Complete disappearance 灭绝
例句：the end of existenceHuman beings have caused the extinction of many other species
小贴士：Extinction implies an absolute end; an extinct thingcannot be brought back into existence.
其他形式： extinct adj
8. reservoir
n. A place where a liquid is collected and stored 池；水库
例句：Cult members threatened to poison the town’s water reservoir.
其他形式：reserve v
9.shrink
v. To become reduced in size, amount, or value 收缩；缩小
例句：If you dry your clothing on the “high heat” setting, they may shrink.
其他形式：shrinkage n, shrinkable adj
10. stable
adj. Firm and dependable 稳定；安稳
例句：showing little changeHe fell because the ladder wasn’t stable.
其他形式：Parts of speech stability n, stably adv
1. constraint
n. Something that restricts thought or action 约束；局促
例句：The constraints of military life kept Eileen from seeing Private Mor-ris more than once a month.
其他形式： constrain v
2. contamination
n. Being made less clean by a germ or hazardous substance 污染
例句：The contamination in the river came from the factory located justupstream.
其他形式：contaminate v, contaminant n
3. deplete
v. To greatly decrease the supply of a resource or material 耗尽；消耗
例句：The prolonged war depleted the country’s national treasury.
其他形式：depletion n
4. dispose of
v. To throw away; to get rid of; to kill 扔掉；处置掉
例句：She disposed of her unwanted possessions before moving.
The tyrant cruelly disposed of all his enemies.
小贴士： Dispose of should be learned as a unit. In this meaning,dispose does not occur without of.
其他形式：disposal n, disposable adj
5. elementally
adv. In terms of elements; basically 基本上
例句：Elementally, coal and diamonds are the same.
其他形式：element n, elemental adj
6. emission
n. Sending out from a small space into the general environment; a substance discharged into the air 发射；排放
例句：The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the emission ofpollutants into the air.
小贴士：Emission is usually followed by an of phrase.
其他形式：emit v
7. extinction
n. Complete disappearance 灭绝
例句：the end of existenceHuman beings have caused the extinction of many other species
小贴士：Extinction implies an absolute end; an extinct thingcannot be brought back into existence.
其他形式： extinct adj
8. reservoir
n. A place where a liquid is collected and stored 池；水库
例句：Cult members threatened to poison the town’s water reservoir.
其他形式：reserve v
9.shrink
v. To become reduced in size, amount, or value 收缩；缩小
例句：If you dry your clothing on the “high heat” setting, they may shrink.
其他形式：shrinkage n, shrinkable adj
10. stable
adj. Firm and dependable 稳定；安稳
例句：showing little changeHe fell because the ladder wasn’t stable.
其他形式：Parts of speech stability n, stably adv
