1900年英、法、德、美、日、俄、意、奥联军自大沽登陆；开始时总人数约3万人，后来增至约5万人，此后联军陆续增兵至十万，由京师出兵，分攻山海关等地。同时，俄国从南北两路派二十余万人进占满洲本部。8月4日，北路俄军攻陷瑷珲，直逼齐齐哈尔。8月28日，抵近齐齐哈尔城，并炮击城内。黑龙江将军 袁寿山（汉军正白旗）坚守“军覆则死”的诺言，自卧棺中，命卫士枪击，壮烈殉国。至9月占领吉林乌拉驻地吉林；南路8月占据营口，
10月占领盛京，10月6日两军会师，占据了南满全境。
人物简介：寿山（1860年－1900年），字眉峰，黑龙江瑷珲人，汉军正白旗。为吉林将
军富明阿之子、明末将领袁崇焕八世孙。清末任黑龙江将军。黑龙江将军，全称镇守黑
龙江等处地方将军，清代黑龙江地区最高官员，康熙二十二年（1683年）设立，官阶为
正一品，乾隆三十二年（1767年）改为从一品比直隶总督高半级。
The Russian Empire and the Qing Empire had maintained a long peace, starting
with the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, but Tsarist forces took advantage of
Manchu defeats to impose the Aigun Treaty of 1858 and the Treaty of Peking
of 1860 which ceded territory in Manchuria much of which is held by Russia
to the present day (Primorye). The Russians aimed for control over Amur
River for navigation, and the all weather ports of Dairen and Port Arthur in
the Liaodong peninsula. The rise of Japan as an Asian power provoked Russia
's anxiety, especially in light of expanding Japanese influence in Korea.
Following Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895, the Triple
Intervention of Russia, Germany and France forced Japan to return the
territory won in Liaodong, leading to a de facto Sino-Russian alliance.
Manchurian were incensed at these Russian advances and began to harass
Russians and Russian institutions, such as the Qing Eastern Railway. In June
1900, the Manchurian bombarded the town of Blagoveshchensk on the Russian
side of the Amur, and in retaliation, the Russians massacred several
thousand Han Chinese and Manchus in that town. The Czar's government used
the pretext of Boxer activity to move some 200,000 troops into the area to
crush the Boxers. The Chinese used arson to destroy a bridge carrying a
railway and a barracks in 27 July. The Boxers destroyed railways and cut
lines for telegraphs and burned the Yantai mines.[84] In battles on the Amur
river, Western newspapers reported that the Manchurian forces treated
Russian civilians leniently and allowed them to escape to Russia, even
notifying that they should leave the war zone. By contrast, Russian Cossacks
brutally killed civilians who tried to flee in the Chinese villages. In
revenge for the attacks on Chinese villages, Boxer troops burned Russian
towns and almost annihilated a Russian force at Tieling. Russian forces
quickly mastered both Boxers and Manchurian Imperial troops. The defending
Manchu bannermen were annihilated as they fought to the death, their
garrisons falling one at a time against a five-pronged Russian invasion. The
Russians looted their villages and property and then burnt them to ashes.
By 21 September, Russian troops took Jilin and Liaodong, and by the end of
the month completely occupied Manchuria, where their presence was a major
factor leading to the Russo-Japanese War.
10月占领盛京，10月6日两军会师，占据了南满全境。
人物简介：寿山（1860年－1900年），字眉峰，黑龙江瑷珲人，汉军正白旗。为吉林将
军富明阿之子、明末将领袁崇焕八世孙。清末任黑龙江将军。黑龙江将军，全称镇守黑
龙江等处地方将军，清代黑龙江地区最高官员，康熙二十二年（1683年）设立，官阶为
正一品，乾隆三十二年（1767年）改为从一品比直隶总督高半级。
The Russian Empire and the Qing Empire had maintained a long peace, starting
with the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, but Tsarist forces took advantage of
Manchu defeats to impose the Aigun Treaty of 1858 and the Treaty of Peking
of 1860 which ceded territory in Manchuria much of which is held by Russia
to the present day (Primorye). The Russians aimed for control over Amur
River for navigation, and the all weather ports of Dairen and Port Arthur in
the Liaodong peninsula. The rise of Japan as an Asian power provoked Russia
's anxiety, especially in light of expanding Japanese influence in Korea.
Following Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895, the Triple
Intervention of Russia, Germany and France forced Japan to return the
territory won in Liaodong, leading to a de facto Sino-Russian alliance.
Manchurian were incensed at these Russian advances and began to harass
Russians and Russian institutions, such as the Qing Eastern Railway. In June
1900, the Manchurian bombarded the town of Blagoveshchensk on the Russian
side of the Amur, and in retaliation, the Russians massacred several
thousand Han Chinese and Manchus in that town. The Czar's government used
the pretext of Boxer activity to move some 200,000 troops into the area to
crush the Boxers. The Chinese used arson to destroy a bridge carrying a
railway and a barracks in 27 July. The Boxers destroyed railways and cut
lines for telegraphs and burned the Yantai mines.[84] In battles on the Amur
river, Western newspapers reported that the Manchurian forces treated
Russian civilians leniently and allowed them to escape to Russia, even
notifying that they should leave the war zone. By contrast, Russian Cossacks
brutally killed civilians who tried to flee in the Chinese villages. In
revenge for the attacks on Chinese villages, Boxer troops burned Russian
towns and almost annihilated a Russian force at Tieling. Russian forces
quickly mastered both Boxers and Manchurian Imperial troops. The defending
Manchu bannermen were annihilated as they fought to the death, their
garrisons falling one at a time against a five-pronged Russian invasion. The
Russians looted their villages and property and then burnt them to ashes.
By 21 September, Russian troops took Jilin and Liaodong, and by the end of
the month completely occupied Manchuria, where their presence was a major
factor leading to the Russo-Japanese War.
