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8. Cells that make up salivary glands would
be expected to contain a relatively large amount of
(A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (B) rough endoplasmic reticulum (C) genetic material (D) lipids
(E) peroxisomes
9. Which of the following characteristics
distinguishes prokaryotic organisms from eukaryotic organisms?
(A) Prokaryotes are unicellular, while all
eukaryotes are multicellular.
(B) Prokaryotes are aquatic, while eukaryotes
are terrestrial.
(C) Prokaryotes are structurally less complex
than eukaryotes are.
(D) Prokaryotes require a host to replicate,
while eukaryotes do not.
(E) Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane, while
eukaryotes do not.
10. An important role of soil microbes in biological
systems is the
(A) recycling of matter (B) creation of biomass (C) causing of disease (D) production of energy (E) degradation of energy
11. Which of the following diseases is caused by the
lack of a functional gene responsible for a specific enzyme?
(A) Down Syndrome (B) Tay-Sachs disease (C) Ricketts (D) Malaria (E) Influenza
AaBb × AaBb
12. How many different genotypes are possible from
the cross shown above?
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 9 (E) 16
13. All of the following statements concerning
the theory of evolution by natural selection are true EXCEPT:
(A) Organisms produce far more offspring
than are required for replacement. (B) The individuals in a population show
variation in survivability and in their ability to cope with environmental stress. (C) The number of offspring that survive
to reproduce varies among individuals. (D) The bodies of organisms in a population
change by use and disuse, and the changes are inherited by the next generation. (E) Some of the variation in adaptation is the
result of genetic differences that may be passed on to the next generation.
14. Which of the following sequences best represents
the life cycle of a typical angiosperm?
(A) Gametophyte → meiosis → gametes →
fertilization → sporophyte → spores → zygote → gametophyte (B) Gametophyte → gametes → meiosis →
fertilization → sporophyte → spores → zygote → gametophyte
(C) Sporophyte
→ meiosis → gametophyte → spores → fertilization → zygote → sporophyte (D) Sporophyte → meiosis → gametophyte →
gametes → fertilization → zygote → sporophyte (E) Sporophyte → spores → gametophyte →
meiosis → gametes → fertilization→ zygote → sporophyte
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15. Birds associating the bright colors of certain
butterflies with an unpleasant taste is an example of
(A) instinct (B) habituation (C) imprinting (D) insight learning (E) trial-and-error learning
16. Which of the following best describes allosteric
inhibition of an enzyme?
(A) The inhibitor binds to the mRNA to prevent
translation of the enzyme.
(B) The inhibitor binds to the enzyme substrate. (C) The inhibitor binds to the enzyme but not at
its active site.
(D) The inhibitor binds to the enzyme at its active
site.
(E) The inhibitor binds to the gene that encodes
for the enzyme.
17. Which of the following organelles is correctly
matched with its function?
(A) Lysosome . . lipid hydrolysis (B) Nucleolus . . protein synthesis
(C) Ribosome . . carbohydrate synthesis (D) Mitochondrion . . Calvin cycle
(E) Endoplasmic reticulum . . transcription
18. The occurrence of a particular genetic condition in
a family is shown in the pedigree above. Which of the following is the most likely inheritance pattern for the individuals with the condition? Squares represent males, circles represent females, and shaded symbols represent individuals who exhibit the condition.
(A) Autosomal dominant (B) Sex-linked dominant (C) Y linked
(D) Autosomal recessive (E) Sex-linked recessive
19. Rates of adaptive radiation typically are at their
highest in which of the following situations?
(A) When Earth is exposed to increased
electromagnetic waves caused by Sun flares
(B) In very large, randomly mating populations (C) When new niches become available
(D) When many species are competing for the
same limited resource (E) When food is abundant
20. Which of the following led to the increased
function of the invertebrate nervous system?
(A) Development of an advanced cerebellum (B) Evolution of a ventral nerve cord, thus
increasing the ability to move
(C) Cephalization of the major sensory organs
and the cerebrum
(D) Specialization of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems within the nervous system
(E) Occurrence of highly developed olfactory
lobes in the invertebrate brain
21. Which of the following is the most direct result of
the heating up of pond water during the summer?
(A) The water’s ability to hold oxygen decreases. (B) The water’s ability to act as a buffer changes. (C) The viscosity of the water increases.
(D) Hydrogen bonding at the surface of the water
increases.
(E) Less light penetrates the surface of the water.
22. A protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and
transported to the plasma membrane. Which of the following summarizes the protein’s pathway in the cell?
(A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum → nucleus →
vesicle → plasma membrane (B) Plastid → rough endoplasmic reticulum→
plasma membrane (C) Nucleus → vesicle → rough endoplasmic
reticulum → plasma membrane (D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum→
microfilament →vesicle → plasma membrane (E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi
complex → vesicle → plasma membrane
