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【虚拟实战W1】20140317 关于如何复习虚拟实战1及实战1二次总结

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1楼敬给我们分享如此好的项目流程学习资料的星月大哥


1楼2014-03-17 19:49回复
    写在前面的话,
    请吧友们在3月17日晚上8点30前勿回贴,此贴的内容大部分来自于实战1里面的项目执行贴,项目助理记录的项目历史文件及会议记要,星月大哥的就实战1给吧友们所做的解答。由于太多,在此我不注明出去,敬请谅解。为了保持原话意思的完整性,很多直接用了相关人员的原话。所以有中英混用的情况


    2楼2014-03-17 19:50
    回复
      2025-07-13 19:25:11
      广告
      实战1的目的:
      Our game is not design a product, this project provide astage that let all of us know how to run a project, do not need you to makeprefect documents. To keep the
      progresson schedule, then make the document/tools (deliverable) better. Coz in cominglife, if you are real in such position, you can make it perfectly by severaltimes.
      Butfor the process, not all of us can touch it, that is why many engineers stay in engineer level for many years..


      4楼2014-03-17 19:51
      回复
        实战1的整体流程概括:
        a)In the G0, the Marketing and sales have to get the all information of thecustomer as far as possible.And when the Marketing got the information, he hasto communicate with Product Manager(Raymond) and they make the solutiontogether. At the same time, The Product Manager needs to get the initialconcept with Project Manager. Then the PM and Sales can indicate that isfeasible. At the same time, the Sales needs get the market trend and figure outthe competitor. The Marketing and Product Manager will confirm the approximateproduct. This requirement of the market will be changed to requirement of theproduct by the inner document. Then the document will be got by R &D. the R& D and the Product Manager will analysis the list of the mouse functions.And make the
        DFMEA,then start to design. After finished the design (high level design) ,the R& D need to make the things like ppt to show the design to the ProductManager and Project leader (Jerome). And both of them will check whether thedesign accept as the required. If pass this step, the ppt will be given toSales , and Sales will show it to the customers. If the customers need it to bechanged , the process of above need to be run again.
        b)If the customer adopt it. The R & D will continue the low level design.They will design it in detail then make the Bom and the drawing. At the sametime , the Testing and Purchase will take part in. the Purchase will reach aconsensus with the Design Engineering and the R & D, this three departmentswill check out the things that the project will needs, the supplier they haveto contact. When they drawing, the R & D have to make the planning of thecost. The Purchase will search the
        applieron the market according the drawing or purchasing list. After the customeradopt the preliminary design, the R & D need to make the list that whatwill be tested. What part can be made by us, what part need be outsourced.Which report do the customer need. And what the inner report. Which test needsto taken. Whether the product need the EMC testing.
        c)The R & D finished the detail design. The stuff will be transferred to theMarketing Dept. during this , the design have to go through the test from theTesting Lab. And after this, the formal report will be made. And there is a bigGate Review at this time. The Gate Review including the Quality reports, requirementsof the market, the cost, the sales volume in future, the feedback from themarket and so on. Whether the project needs the mold, and the Purchase andfinance will take part in at this time.
        d)Jerome (Project Manager ) need to confirm the budget from the company. How muchwill the project earn ,and figure out the gross profit and the net margin,project estimate
        e)The processing Dept will take over stuff of the project. They need to figureout the price quotation of the purchase part, the Bom. The processing preparethe PFMEA, the specification or something like that. The Product Engineeringwill make a system to import all the data of the product. And make the systemfor product’supgrade. The PE will coordinate the processing, analysis the operational state,make sure if the date of the delivery is possible.
        f)Quality Dept. the Dept will analysis the sample, make the CPT at the firsttrial production. And control the products quality.
        g)G0. The Marketing Dept need to figure out the requirement.
        G1.The PM needs the R & D to do the high level design
        G2.The R & D will give the design drawing. Make the model and BOM, the plan ofthe Testing, the design phase is finished.
        G3.The R & D will give the design drawing in detail. The design will be frost.The will get the step of
        testing.Validation, test run. The final report of the quality.
        G4.Industrialize;
        G5:Production


        6楼2014-03-17 19:51
        回复
          对于实战1中部分活动的解释
          RequestReview,对于VOC,PRD的审查,再一次确认客户需求及可行性
          FieldTrial PlanField Trial是指客户指定的现场试验或者试用,以鉴别产品是否符合他们的原始需求,这一般在项目初期就已经定义,因为这里还要提前向客户确认是否需要field trial,因为field trial在validation 阶段要交一小批货,需要提前通知相关部门准备所以在G0就要确认。
          在合同中,客户可以对项目或者产品的范围进行定义,其中就包含了是否要进行现场试用等要求,这些要求是可以作为合同的制约因素条款的。而合同在项目之初就已签订,可以在项目进行中的任何时间进行修订。那么也就是说,客户在项目之初就已经决定了是否要进行field trial.而field trial会极大的影响项目的运作,尤其是产品研发的流程会因此发生很多未知的变化,如进度压缩等等。所以需要在项目初期就对已知的现场试用/试验做计划。
          ConceptSelection
          Wedon't have several concept design for choice, so we will skip the conceptdesgin selection step. But for you, please remember, it's mandatory step inreal project execution.
          Requestfor Prototype
          Prototypeis the sample which is (maybe) functional or non-functional, but it will beshown to customer to prove/clarify we will make a product like that.
          这里有一个很重要的问题,就是问什么要给客户提供各种各样的样品,这也是为了准确的捕捉客户需求,减少客户变更,因为也许刚开始,客户也不知道它们到底需要什么,现实在往往有这样一种情况,当你把产品摆在面前,用户才知道想要什么。
          所以有些客户参与度高的项目,乙方会提供各种各样的sample 例如prototype functional sample, non-functional sample, sales sample,engineering sample, field trial sample, trial run sample, pilot sample.......
          Testing for Function Validation
          实际上这里用verification这个单词更合适一些,一般也可以理解成可行性试验或者功能确认试验,是定性的但不一样是定量的,一般为了验证产品功能的可行性,便于功能设计。
          Customer Review
          Send the prototype to customerfor review within 2 days.
          在实战1的概念设计阶段,有两次Customer Review,一次是在Concept Review后,确认产品概念设计后,交由产品经理审核,产品经理在一定程度上代表着客户的需求,对于某些可交付物具有决定性权利,第二次Customer Review
          在于Concept Selection过后,制作出样品后,由销售交给客户查核,确认。如果客户同意样品所代表的设计方案,那么项目才能进行下一步的G2 Gate Review,如果客户不同意样品所代表的设计方案,那么我们就得回到第一步的Concept Design重新做概念设计,而不能进行后面的G2 Gate Review,所以现实的项目也需会有更多次的Customer Review,Concept Selection
          Concept Update
          Customer Review后,如果客户发现设计方案有些需要修改的地方,我们要根据产品经理反馈的信息对设计方案修改、更新,直至客户肯定,因此我们需要更新我们的概念设计。
          Design Review
          Typically, design review will beheld by R&D. In some companies , someone takes it as PEER REVIEW. But thereal PEER REVIEW is difference form the design review, just similar. In designreview, we need
          In Design review, we need reviewthe verification result of all function/feature, reivew the design issues,review the potential risks, & make the improvement action plan. It's necessarystep before design frozen.
          And the conclusion of designreview will also be one of the evidences, which are for G3 review
          Peer Review
          peer means the equivalent [iˈkwivələnt] adj.相等的,相当的,等效的man of your position,Peer Review in R&D means the all the designer, in Core team, means all coreteam member.
          Tooling Supplier Selction
          常规情况下,如果是常规的成熟的产品,在公司具有成熟的供应链的情况下,产品开发不一定需要进行供应商的审核和选定工作。但是有两种情况是需要重新审核的,第一产品的性质发生重大变化,不能确保该供应商有能力做好该产品时,第二按一定时间规定进行复审,比如年度复审,以确保供应商的能力没有下降。实战1的鼠标产品,从公司背景设置,及产品体系来看,属于成熟的产品,可以不进行VendorAuditProcess,Tooling Supplier Selction等工作,以简化流程,缩短项目周期,但因为我们的实战1是告诉我们项目是如何运作的,所以该有的步骤都需要涉及。
          以project schedule(RevA)所介绍的项目开发流程为例,凡事标记为Optional Input的活动都是可选活动,在实际的项目中并不一定需要经过此步骤。
          Product Design Confirmation
          Before Design Frozen,PM &Sales should confirm with the customer if there is any update.
          Design Frozen,有时也叫PRD Frozen(在需要客户签署的PRD项目中,就叫PRD Frozen)
          In theory, the requirementsshould be frozen by the end of concept phase. After G2 Review , the requirementshould be froze. But we still allow the customer to make some modification indesign phase, but any
          new request from the customershould be stop before design phase review. If the customer changes their mind afterdesign phase, the project will be review immediately and decide to go or no go.
          Prepare CER
          CER is the critical equipmentrequest, typically, if you want to make a mould, we know it's every expensive,then we need a CER. it' a part of capital expense.
          Critical Equipment Request.Typically, it means the mould/tooling/etc...
          Validation Test Plan
          任何Test都需要计划,需要确定哪些是考察性的指标,尤其像Validation这样的试验,包括的内容非常多,肯定要预先做好计划,安排好试验资源和备选方案,包括是否采纳第三方试验等等很多因素
          Validation Test
          验证产品的可生产性和准确性。validation就是传统意义上的合格姓试验,必须是定性且定量的。
          Test Report
          鼠标功能测试报告是Validation阶段重要的输出文件,接受R&D的测试计划,参考国标对鼠标的功能进行测试,这份报告决定了项目是否继续下去,测试报告完成交付R&D
          Qualification Test ,Qualification Report
          Validation Test Report的责任人是研发部门和实验室,生产部门可介入;而QualificationTest的责任人是生产部门,典型的是质量部。在很多公司,两个实验为了节省资源,是二合一的。但还有很都公司,由于权限和职责问题,坚持把两者分开,但实际上他们的内容几乎一样。有的地方也把开发部做的validation test成为Qualification Test,而质量部门的成为Re-qualification Test。如果质量部门接受开发部门的试验报告,那质量部门可以不做,但事实上,如果质量部门依然要求做qualification test,换言之,就是对研发部门的报告不信任,后面的话不多说,大家心里明白会发生什么。这里注意,研发部门的这份报告是产品发布的强制可交付成果,也就是说无论质量部门做不做,研发部门的这份报告时必须做的,并且必须要交付给生产部门。
          CADIM Release
          CADIM is a type of drawingsystem, it's famous in Europe, specified for Pro/e to control the drawingupdate/release.....You can regard it as normal PDM(product data management)system.Design Release意味着研发向生产的转移
          SAP Release
          在试验合格报告出来后,发布安全投产报告
          SAP Release means, the productis fully released and can be ordered from that time
          Safety launch is one part of thesummary sheet, which should be approved by operation site & signed by allcore team members.it should also contain the checklist (deliverables list inCPP) at least, recording all activities including all operation and attachanything that will be helpful for product release.
          Product Specification Confirm
          在这个concept阶段,产品规范并没有最后形成。concept阶段Product Specification只是产品的方案或者产品的基本要求。这个阶段的产品需求是可以被更改的。而真正的产品规范,是G4的强制交付文档,那里面的要求必须是定性定量,且不能再更改的。
          Trial Run
          Trial Run是生产部门特有的步骤,用于大规模生产之前的小批量试运行,以保证产品的所有资料齐全,生产资料准备就绪,工厂对这些资料的接收等等诸多环节
          NPI
          NPI的报告意味着生产是否接受这些新产品是否能进入量产的阶段


          9楼2014-03-17 19:53
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            实战1所体现的里程碑管理及客户需求管理思想
            里程碑定义:
            里程碑是项目的重要节点,首先项目的不同阶段和审查点,都是里程碑,而且都是强制的里程碑。另外,项目执行的过程中,根据项目活动的网络图,会有一些项目的活动汇聚到同一个点上,或者汇聚到关键路径上的点,那这些点都应该是里程碑。里程碑除了项目本身各大节点组成的强制审批点之外,还有一些由项目本身进度网络图而决定的一些临时性的节点(如多个任务的汇聚点)也应成为里程碑或者阶段性审批点。这类节点可利用关键路径法进行识别.实战1里面的G1,G2,G3,G4,G5 Gate Review,Customer Review,Design Review,Design Frozen,SAP Release,NPI都属于里程碑。
            里程碑作用:
            里程碑是对项目状态的总结,其最重要的使命是判断项目是否要进行下去,做Go 和No-Go的决定这一点在G1,G2,G3,G4,G5 Gate Review体现尤其明显。
            作为里程碑,其有一个重要的原则:其验收依据为客户(或者下道工序)接收可交付物为准。所有的可交付物都是有对应的下道工序的,或者称为客户的,阶段性审查的标准是客户确认并且接受可交付物为标准,也就是说只要客户接收了可交付物,那就可以认为是该阶段完成。反之,只要客户拒收可交付物,即代表该阶段无法通过。所谓项目审批也是基于这个标准。
            仔细观测实战1的流程就会发现,每一次的gateReview都与客户(内部,或者外部客户)接收可交付物有直接关系,也就是说,如果客户不接收,不认可每个阶段的可交付物,那么就不能进行每个阶段的gate Review,项目就不能往前推进。
            例如,G1 review前,需要给客户看的MouseProposal(产品经理做的)PPT,如果客户不认同里面的方案,那么G1 review 就不能进行,
            There have a Customer Review before G2 review, If thecustomer don’t approve the prototype, or in real project, if the customer donot approve our concept design, we can not have G2 review.
            There have a Design Frozen before G3 review ,In theory,the requirements should be frozen by the end of concept phase. After G2 Review, the requirement should be froze. But we still allow the customer to make somemodification in design phase, but any new request from the customer should bestop before design phase review. If the customer changes their mind after designphase, or if the customer do not approve our design, the project will be reviewimmediately and decide to go or no go,and we can not have G3 review.
            There have a activity as the Filed Trial before G4 review. but if there are some problems in this case, like the customer unsatisfied fieldtrial sample the project have to the push back to G2, even the company have torestart a new project.
            G5阶段,生产部门要接收所有的项目可交付物,并确认更新成本等,发布 safety lunch 后,才能进行G5 review.
            客户之所以接收可交付物,本质上是客户认同设计方案,对星慧公司所设计的鼠标满意,认为他们的需求得到了满足。这与LDFSS所强调的以客户需求为目标是一致的,与项目管理新六大要素里所重点强调的客户满意度也是一致的。
            当然除了运用QFD,PRD等工具,为了始终使设计方案符合客户要求,准确捕捉客户需求,减少因客户不满意所带来的设计变更,甚至项目失败,实战1的开发流程可谓“用心良苦”从Definition phase 的Request Review,到Concept phase的 Customer Review
            Concept Selection,supply Prototype,Customer Review,Concept Update(如果客户不满意或者不同意方案,这几步要重复进行)到Design phase的Product Design Confirmation,所以这些活动都是为了上述的目的而设置的。如果项目复杂,客户参与度高,与此相关的活动会更多,而且很可能需要重复多次。
            至于QFD(QFD1.0, QFD2.0,QFD3.0, QFD4.0,),与PRD(PRD1.0,PRD2.0)在实战1如何应用客户需求管理,请参照星月大哥在贴吧里所写的《浅谈客户需求管理在制造业LDFSS项目中的应用》


            10楼2014-03-17 19:54
            回复
              实战1所体现的LDFSS减少过程变异和波动的思想。
              FMEA(实战1所用到的有BFMEA,DFMEA,PFMEA)的运用,有效的识别商业,设计,过程各种潜在的失效模式,针对重点失效模式,提前做好对策,减少这些潜在的问题的发生。
              实战1,对设计的审查,也设置了很多活动。从Definition phase 的Request Review,分析客户需求,避免设计过于复杂。到Conceptphase 的Concept Review审查highlevel design,到后面的Design Review,DesignEvaluate,Peer Review,设计审查,专家评估,同行审查,通过层层把关,使产品设计本身的缺陷尽量少。
              实战1,各个阶段的 verification text,及后阶段的 Validation text,充分测试验证所设计产品的功能可行性及产品生产性,使所设计的方案能最大程度满足客户需求所应的功能需求。
              设置Validation,Industrialize两个阶段,及SAP Release,NPI两个节点,作为后面批量生产的缓冲期,要做人员,设备,工装,模具,操作规范等软硬件准备,验证设计产品的可生产性,验证产线批量生产能力,减少后面的批量生产的变异及缺陷。防止在量产阶段出现重大问题。


              11楼2014-03-17 19:54
              回复
                实战1的缺点:
                因成本管理,采购管理所导致的项目成本没有控制好。
                Due tolack of the experience for the Cost Analysis,Marketing Strategy, and we have not doenough work on this, those lead to the low rate of margin
                we did not have enoughwork about the material cost, this lead to the standard margin is only 15% andOI is just 8%。
                因沟通管理及项目核心成员未按计划完成任务所导致的进度滞后,也是实战1的缺点。
                we havemany problems in the communication coz we use the Bar to connect others. The problemsin the communication result in the delay of the project.
                During theG0,G1, we finished the tasks as the Project Plan. When we in the G2 in
                was delayed by one day. After we stepped in the DesignPhase, we almost delayed the
                project by 2 weeks.
                因人力资源管理,项目核心成员的参与热情程度下降,人员中途离开,导致的后期阶段的文档质量不好,甚至出现文档缺失的情况。
                后期诸如Capability analysis,PFMEA,Processing Flow Chart,AssemblyIndication,M11 Project_safety launch report,NPI等文档没有做好,还有Manufacture Specification,WI,FPIR等文档出现缺失。


                12楼2014-03-17 19:55
                回复
                  2025-07-13 19:19:11
                  广告
                  有时间会继续更新。


                  13楼2014-03-17 19:55
                  回复
                    先mark,挤挤时间来学习学习


                    14楼2014-03-17 20:17
                    回复

                      已上传至本贴吧共享文档地址:
                      http://www.115.com/
                      最下面的虚拟实战1 RACI矩阵-小风即是,不能保证其正确性,仅供参考。


                      15楼2014-03-17 20:29
                      收起回复
                        非常好的总结,再学习,温故而知新,实战一,每次看都是从迷糊到清晰,然后又突然被迷糊,之后又慢慢清晰,风哥加油


                        IP属地:上海来自iPhone客户端16楼2014-03-17 23:21
                        回复
                          写的很好。。。


                          来自Android客户端17楼2014-03-18 01:39
                          回复
                            已将该文完整copy走,配合下载的资料一起看,希望每一次都有不一样的收获。
                            赞美的话就不说了,期待楼主继续分享。


                            IP属地:广东19楼2014-03-18 12:06
                            回复
                              2025-07-13 19:13:11
                              广告
                              晚上一逛贴吧,看到自己的贴子加精了,然后看到了星月大哥长长的留言,心情久久不能平静。谢谢大哥的夸奖,我只是站在巨人的肩膀上,站着高了,所以能看清远处的风景。
                              如果不是因为您分享的虚拟实战1,我想吧里95%人(包括我自己)也许一辈子都看不到一个项目究竟该如何科学的运作,如何做到最优化。
                              我前后在两个公司开发部做结构设计,现实工作当中,我遇到大部分的产品开发项目都出现诸如进度严重滞后,产品量产质量问题百出的情况。深刻反思,并不是因为公司本身的技术力量不过关,究其原因主要还是公司的开发流程出了问题,而我所在的两个公司在中国数以万计的制造型民营企业当中还算是好的,真的很难想象其它公司情况会怎样。
                              所以我希望自己以后能在推动本土公司的流程优化方面做出一点点贡献。
                              只是我自己本身并没有产品开发项目管理经验,所以实战1的很多内容,并没有真正理解。不过我相信,随着工作阅历的丰富,知识的积累,也许当我再回过头看看您所分享的内容时,又会有不一样的理解和收获,甚至可能产生自己的思想和方法。
                              也跟所有看到此文的吧友们说,我不是一个学习能力强的人,关于虚拟实战的点滴,只是因为我比大家要用心,所以稍微做的好一点。而之所以用心,是因为看到了星月大哥所分享的这些东西的价值究竟有多大。也许你所在的公司项目运作并不与实战1所描述的一样,所以觉得它不怎么样。也许你还在抱怨公司这里不好,那里不好。没有关系,静下心来反思,为何你会觉得那样不好,如果是你,你觉得应该怎样做更好,为什么。之后再回过头看看整个虚拟实战1,我相信大家会从内心体会到它的真正价值。
                              我能理解星月大哥对实战1所付出的心血。我发此贴也是因为觉得实战1的重要,而很多吧友又有在询问关于如何学习实战1的问题。希望此贴能够给予大家一点参考,让大家少走点弯路,更希望大家能够在贴吧里积极研究讨论实战1,传承星月大哥所分享,将其发扬光大。


                              20楼2014-03-18 22:27
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