Beelzebub: Lord of the Flies, a Semitic deity that was worshiped in the Philistine city of Ekron.
In later Christian and Biblical sources, he is referred to as another name for Devil, and in Christian demonology, is one of the seven princes of Hell according to Christian views on Hell.
The name Baʿal Zəvûv (Hebrew: בעל זבוב) is found in 2Kings 1:2-3,6,16, where King Ahaziah of Israel, after seriously injuring himself in a fall, sends messengers to inquire of Ba‘al Zebûb, the god of the Philistine city of Ekron, to learn if he will recover.

Damon and Pythias
Damon: a legendary Syracusan of the 4th century bc whose friend Pythias was sentenced to death by Dionysius I. Damon stood bail for Pythias, who returned just in time to save him, and was himself reprieved.

Adonis: an extremely attractive young man.
From the name of the beautiful young man in ancient Greek myths, who was loved by both Aphrodite and Persephone. He was killed by a wild boar but Zeus ordered that he should spend the winter months in the underworld with Persephone and the summer months with Aphrodite.

Pasion
Pasion was an ancient Greek slave from the 4th century BC. He was one of few slaves who gained freedom and later became a banker and the richest man in Greece. He gave Athens one thousand shields and a trireme and ultimately was granted Athenian citizenship.
When he became too old to work, Pasion had Phormio, another slave, take care of the bank. When Pasion died, his widow married Phormio. Pasion's son, Apollodorus, did not engage in banking but lived off his inheritance like a gentleman.

gymnasium, the origin of this word is Greek, gumnasion from gumnazein, which means "exercise naked" "naked";
idiot, the origin of this word is Greek, idiōtēs, which means "private person";
which says a lot about the ancient Greek society: everything was public, privacy was discouraged.

Faustian: 浮士德式的交易/协议
He's well advanced along the Faustian road.

Self-flagellation
Flagellants are practitioners of an extreme form of mortification of their own flesh by whipping it with various instruments.
Flagellation (from Latin flagellare, to whip) was quite a common practice amongst the more fervently religious.
The Flagellation refers in a Christian context to the Flagellation of Christ, an episode in the Passion of Christ prior to Jesus' crucifixion. The practice of mortification of the flesh for religious purposes was utilized 【by some Christians throughout most of Christian history】, especially in Catholic monasteries and convents.
In the 13th century, a group of Roman Catholics, known as the Flagellants, took this practice to its extreme ends. The Flagellants were later condemned by the Roman Catholic Church as a cult in the 14th century 【because the established church had no other control over the practice other than excommunication】.

Self-flagellation was comically parodied by Monty Python in their film The Holy Grail.

Pie Iesu Domine Dona eis requiem = Merciful Lord Jesus, grant them rest.

Wednesday, Thursday
The Norse people of Scandinavia, famous as Viking seafarers, had lots of gods, as the Greeks and Romans did. The name of their chief god was Odin, sometimes called Wotan or Woden, from which we get out 'Wednesday'. ('Thursday' comes from another Norse god, Thor, the god of thunder, which he made with his mighty hammer.)

hypokrites: (Greek) actor
"You, Aeschines, are a hypokrites, a big player of parts."