主干识别: 并列句主干一：The role was formulated
并列句主干二： the selective role of the environment is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
其他成分：only a little more than a hundred years ago状语
of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual定语

翻译点拨：　　词汇的处理
in evolution 在演化中
　　 formulated 阐述；表述；解释；论证
　　 shaping 形成(造就)
　　 maintaining 保持，维护
　 　 recognized 认可，承认
被动的处理，KK在翻译课堂上专门讲过的哦，记得去复习哦：）
The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more
than a hundred years ago
不要翻译为：“被阐释”而要翻译为：得以阐明；
自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明
后面的句子由于主语太长所以可以用被动语态翻译；

参考译文：自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究.

记得明天给妈妈打个电话吧。最牵挂我们的人。再多的语言都是苍白的。
妈妈，母亲节快乐！
My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class
and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier
literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by
most contemporary literary critics.

词汇突破：central consciousness 中心思想
A owes much to B；
A很大程度得益于B;
literary heritage 文学遗产
contemporary 现代的
literary critics 文学批评家
understanding of A as B 把A理解为B
断句：My point is that/ its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender asshaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage, /a heritage/ that, in general, has not been sufficientlyvalued by most contemporary literary critics.

主干识别：my point is that …
its central consciousness owes much to that earlierliterary heritage
其他成分：两个同位语：
同位语一：
its profound understanding of class andgender as shaping influences on people’s lives
同位语二：
（earlier literary heritage）= a heritage（ that, in general, has not been sufficientlyvalued by most contemporary literary critics 定语从句）.

（看不懂的一定去听我的长难句的课程）
参考译文：我的观点是，这种流派的中心的意识是：其深刻地认为阶级和性别对于 人们的生活有着塑造性的影响。这种意识在很大程度上得益于那个更早的文化遗产，而这个文化遗产从总体而言并没有引起当代文学评论家们足够的重视。

今天的句很简单，但是marveling这个单词真的很经典！
He returns to the terrain of “Embracing Defeat”,marveling at how the vicious racial hatreds of the Pacific war dissipated soquickly, as though “turned off like a spigot”.
【翻译】他又重新谈到《拥抱战败》中的内容，惊叹太平洋战争中邪恶的种族仇恨怎样得到快速消散，快得就“像龙头的水被关掉一样”。

【解析】句子主干是“He returns to the terrain of ‘Embracing Defeat’”，紧跟其后的是由现在分词“marvelling at”构成的一个伴随状语。在由“marveling at”引导的状语中，“how the vicious racialhatreds of the Pacific war dissipatedso quickly”作“marvelling at”的宾语，“as though ‘turned off like a spigot’”作状语修饰“dissipated，”是一个比喻，将种族仇恨主义消失的速度与龙头流出的水在闸门关闭后停止的速度作比较。

very good

原文：We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.

题目：61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.
　 　[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time
　　 exclusive use of them for social purposes
　 　[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases
　 　[D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms

我们生活在一个物质（药物）在医疗和社交方面的使用都很广泛的社会里：用来缓解头痛的阿斯匹林，用来应酬的酒，早晨用来提神的咖啡，还有定神用的香烟。使用这些物质得到了社会认可，且显然具有积极的作用，但什么时候就变成滥用了呢？首先，大多数物质的过量使用都会产生负面影响，如中毒或严重的感知错乱。反复使用一种物质可以导致成瘾或对该物质的依赖。

题目：61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.
对于某种物质在生理上的依赖源自于：
　 　[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time
对于他们长时间的无节制的消费
　　 exclusive use of them for social purposes
仅将它们用于社交目的。文章第二段第一句确实提到了像酒这样的“物质”可以用于社交目的，但这不等于说只有用于社交目的的“物质”才可以使人上瘾。
　 　[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases
将它们大量地用来治病。（量大仅是可能产生药物依赖的原因之一，而频繁使用也是形成药物依赖的重要条件。）