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【科普贴】猪猪基础知识(也许你知道,看看也无妨)

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以下文章出自悉尼大学兽医系荣誉毕业生,专攻小型哺乳类动物和爬虫类动物。Dr. David Vella。来自North Shore Veterinary Specialist Centre, Sydney, Australia。 挺长的,请耐心开完。本人英语水平有限,欢迎指正~
重要数据:
寿命:5-8年 断奶期:3周
培育期:2-3个月 怀孕周期:59-72天
每窝产子数:1-10 个体 成体体重:700-1200克
荷兰猪(Guinea pigs)有时可被称为“豚鼠(Cavies)”. 他们是来自南美洲的本土啮齿动物。因为他们的体型小,容易饲养和安静的天性使得他们是一种理想的宠物。他们很容易饲养和处理(尤其是小的时候)。他们的声音也很丰富,有多重叫声。荷兰猪有很多不同的杂交类型,其中有短毛阿比西尼亚种(short haired Abyssinians)和长毛秘鲁种(long haired peruvians)。
安置
有很多种笼子其实都很适合安置猪猪。但是最好是尽可能的大(最小笼子体积为1米*0.5米*0.25米高/每只小猪)。
小猪猪对热的忍耐力很低而且在相对较高的温度下很脆弱。要确保安置他们的位置不会太热。
笼子的四周应该有非常好的通风透气,经常的更换笼下的稻草和垫子以防止氨气的积聚。
如果在室外安置小猪猪,请确保笼子有很好的保护作用,以免捕食者的攻击
适合作为垫子的材料:碎纸(shredded paper),干草(hay)或稻草(straw)。
应在笼子里设置“推翻盒”(overturned boxes一种带活动门的盒子),给他们藏身(至少每只猪猪一个)。
应提供至少两个滴管式水瓶(dripper type water bottles)因为水碗很容易就干涸。
小猪猪是群居类的动物,所以并不适合单独饲养。他们可以养殖于类似于群居空间的地方(colonies,有殖民地的意思,但是我觉得翻译为群居空间比较好)
不建议把小猪猪和其他动物一起养,因为其他动物可能会传染疾病给小猪猪。
玩耍(抱他)
其实小猪猪抱猪猪很容易,把他们抱起来放在双手上,一定要确定你的手能承托住他们整个身体。
在抱猪猪前要确定你手上没有任何其他动物的气味,不然的话猪猪会被吓到的。还有抱完他们一定要洗手。
喂食(很重要)
荷兰猪为草食性动物(herbivores)。他们的牙齿一生都在生长。
他们是天生的体外反刍动物(coprophagic),所以他们有时候会吃自己的便便(=。=)
应该用多种多样的食物去喂食小猪猪,因为他们有可能会对自己小时候吃的东西“上瘾”,从而不愿意去尝试新的食物。
应该提供适当数量的鲜草或者干草,例如:梯牧草(Timothy),麦秆(Oaten),小麦干(Wheaten),牧草(Pasture),paddock(不知道是什么植物。。。)草甸(Meadow),黑麦草干(Ryegrass hays)。切记不要用苜蓿类,三叶草干草类。因为这两种草的蛋白质和钙质过高。这些干草是小猪猪食物里最好的东西,因为它们可以给小猪猪长时间的咀嚼。一些绿色植物和草本植物也应该喂给他们吃,一下列出
蔬菜:花椰菜,卷心菜,芹菜,莴苣菜,甜菜或者胡萝卜头顶上绿色部分,芽球甘蓝,菠菜叶,白菜或其他亚洲绿叶菜类(白菜=bok choy,请用广东话念,囧。。。),颜色深的莴苣类
草本植物:荷兰芹(荷兰猪要吃荷兰芹么。。。kekekeke。。。),蒲公英(=。=这个我就不懂了),香菜,罗勒属植物,莳萝,薄荷(清口气?)。
一些高质量的“荷兰猪”小球(pellets)(最低16%的纤维含量)也应该喂给小猪猪吃,但是小剂量的喂食就好了,切记不要给他们吃adlib(不好意思。。。本人水平有限。。。不知道是什么。。。)后面解释说是一种高质量的豚鼠粮,“美国爱宝”(oxbow cavy cuisine)。


1楼2013-01-19 01:56回复

    小猪猪因为自身无法制造维生素C,所以每顿饭都要提供含有维生素C的食物,通常情况下每顿吃的绿叶类食物即可满足。
    提供少量的丰富维生素C食物是安全的,例如柑橘或者猕猴桃(猕猴桃的维生素含量是柑橘的3倍,本人亲自做过实验,有机化学实验课课上做过,有实验数据)。
    切记切记!!!
    以下食物绝对绝对不能给小猪猪吃:榖类食品(即谷类, cereals),谷粒(grains),坚果类(nuts),种子(seeds),玉米(corn,估计是因为淀粉含量过高),豆类(beans),豌豆(peas),面包(breads),饼干或小面包(biscuits),糖果(sweets),糖类(sugar),早餐谷物(breakfast cereals),绝对绝对不要喂巧克力!(咖啡因会使猪猪中枢神经(sympathetic neural system)中毒,跟狗狗不吃巧克力一个道理)
    任何的饮食改变都应该循序渐进的进行,即每次减少一种食物的分量,增加另一种食物的分量。
    健康与兽医护理
    新收养的小猪猪都应该带给兽医检查(国内医生太操蛋,我可怜的虾饺啊),特别是那些以前和别的小猪猪一起住的小猪猪。此后应当定期的带小猪猪去给兽医检查(至少一年一次)。(国内去哪里检查啊。。。)
    小猪猪的毛发和指甲应该偶尔修剪(有些小猪猪吃不够能磨牙的食物的话要用细钢挫轻轻的挫去长度)
    主人在家的话应该经常监管小猪猪的食物摄入,身体情况,眼睛,耳朵,嘴巴,小爪子和上厕所的行为规律。
    附上我找的荷兰猪养殖资料(http://www.360doc.com/content/11/0324/15/5770841_104213070.shtml),很有用,请耐心看完
    终于翻译完了。。。现在我这里已经5点了。。。谢谢阅读。。。欢迎随便转载。。。虾饺。。。我想你了。。。
    以下附原文:
    GUINEA PIG CARE
    Vital Statistics
    Life expectancy 5 - 8 years Weaning 3 weeks
    Breeding 2 - 3 months Pregnancy 59- 72 days
    Litter size 1 - 10 Adult body weight 700 - 1200g
    Guinea pigs are sometimes referred to as ‘Cavies’. They are a rodent animal native to South America. They can
    make ideal pets due to their small size, ease of care & quiet nature. They can become very used to handling,
    especially if started at a young age. They are often very vocal animals exhibiting a range of calls. There are many
    different breeds of guinea pigs including the short haired Abyssinians and the long haired Peruvians.
    Housing
    • Guinea pigs can be housed in a range of cage types. Provide a cage as large as possible (minimum dimensions
    for one guinea pig is 1m x 0.5m x 0.25m high)
    • Guinea pigs do not tolerate heat very well and are vulnerable to heat stress. Ensure that the area that they’re
    kept in will not become too hot
    • Their enclosure should be well ventilated. Regularly change their bedding to avoid ammonia build up
    • If kept outdoors, make certain that the cage is predator proof
    • Suitable bedding materials include shredded paper and hay or straw
    • Provide overturned boxes for ‘hiding’ places (at least one per gunea pigs)
    • Use at least 2 dripper type water bottles (in case one becomes blocked), as water bowls are more likely to
    become soiled
    • Guinea pigs are sociable animals and should not be kept alone. They can be housed in colonies.


    2楼2013-01-19 01:56
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      • Mixing guinea pigs with rabbits is not recommended as guinea pigs can get diseases from rabbits
      Handling
      • Guinea pigs can usually be handled quite easily. Pick them up by placing your hand(s) under them & be sure to
      support the full length of their body
      • Be sure to wash your hands after handling your guinea pig. It is also wise to ensure that your hands don’t carry
      odours of other animals before you handle your guinea pig as this may frighten them
      Feeding
      • Guinea pigs are herbivores. Their teeth grow continuously throughout life
      • They are naturally ‘coprophagic’ meaning that they eat some of their own droppings
      • They should be offered a wide variety of food types from a young age as they can potentially become ‘addicted’
      to their usual foods & not be open to trying new food types
      • Guinea pigs should be offered a constant source of grass or grass hay, eg; Timothy, Oaten, Wheaten, Pasture,
      Paddock, Meadow or Ryegrass hays. (Not Lucerne or clover hays as they are too high in protein and calcium).
      This is paramount in providing the ‘complete’ diet and encourages ‘chewing’ for long periods of time. Fresh
      leafy green vegetables & herbs should also be offered. Some examples of these include;
      Vegies: broccoli, cabbage, celery, endive, beet/carrot tops, brussel sprouts, spinach leaves, Bok Choy/other Asian
      greens, dark leafed lettuce varieties
      Herbs: parsley, dandelion, coriander, basil, dill, mint etc
      • Some high quality ‘Guinea Pig’ pellets should be offered (min 16% fibre content), in small quantities only, not ad
      lib - a high quality product is Oxbow Cavy Cuisine.
      • Guinea pigs require a dietary source of Vitamin C. This is usually supplied sufficiently by the fresh leafy green
      veges
      • It is safer to supplement this with small quantities of vitamin C rich foods such as citrus or kiwi fruits
      • No-Nos! (these should not be offered to pet guinea pigs). Cereals, grains, nuts, seeds, corn, beans, peas,
      breads, biscuits, sweets, sugar, breakfast cereals, chocolate!
      • Any dietary changes should be made gradually
      Health and Veterinary Care
      • Have newly acquired guinea pigs checked by a vet, especially if you intend to mix it with others! Thereafter have
      them checked regularly (at least annually)
      • Coats may require regular grooming & nails may need occasional clipping
      • At home you should always monitor closely your guinea pigs food intake, body condition, eyes, ears, mouth, feet
      & toileting behaviour
      [Sept 11] © David Vella 2011


      3楼2013-01-19 01:56
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        留个名,说不定会火!明天3岁大的猪猪到我家寄养2星期,严重脚皮炎治疗了一年还是没有好。我想在我这寄养这段时间麻烦出个药方治疗一下!明天发帖一起研究研究~~


        IP属地:北京5楼2013-01-19 02:08
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          刘明……


          来自Android客户端6楼2013-01-19 06:30
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            留个正宗的十五字很正宗的十五字


            IP属地:浙江7楼2013-01-19 08:55
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              顶起..................


              IP属地:广东8楼2013-01-19 10:59
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                受教咯。原来不能吃谷物嘛…那粮食里面还有玉米。。。。囧了。。


                IP属地:山东来自Android客户端9楼2013-01-19 11:19
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                  辛苦你了…


                  来自iPhone客户端10楼2013-01-19 11:35
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                    很仔细的看过了


                    11楼2013-01-19 12:04
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                      好贴


                      12楼2013-01-19 12:51
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                        蒲公英可以吃的,清火的,但是野外摘的要小心灰尘啊动物粪便 啊什么的


                        13楼2013-01-19 13:04
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                          谷物不能吃啊。。。。那燕麦草的草籽算不算谷物啊,我家猪特别喜欢吃
                          每次喂燕麦草都先把草籽挑出来吃掉


                          14楼2013-01-19 13:07
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                            一些高质量的“荷兰猪”小球(pellets)
                            应该是:一些高质量的荷兰猪饲料(猪粮)
                            • Some high quality ‘Guinea Pig’ pellets should be offered (min 16% fibre content), in small quantities only, not ad
                            lib - a high quality product is Oxbow Cavy Cuisine.
                            全句的意思:
                            应该提供一些高质量的荷兰猪饲料(至少有16%纤维含量),只需少量,不要随便一大把的给,高质量的产品是爱宝猪粮。
                            ad lib - 有deliver extemporaneously的意思,有点没有深思熟虑,随便就做的意思。


                            15楼2013-01-19 13:38
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