题目部分~
Paragraph 1: Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the
materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it
was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their
being known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point
of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers,
shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers,
shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by
the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making
and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These
laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs,
geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its
sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form
of applied-art objects, they follow basic
patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.
Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the
norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we
recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What
varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct
the object's primary function.
1.The word “they”
in the passage refers to
○ applied-art objects
○ the laws of physics
○ containers
○ the sides of pots
2.
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important
ways or leave out essential information.
○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the
basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.
○The function of applied-art objects is determined by
basic patterns in the laws of physics.
○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within
certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.
○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by
some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.
Paragraph
2: Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the
maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also
true for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant
difference between the two disciplines. Fine-art objects are not constrained by
the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their
primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the
materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which


requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and
stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut,
and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that
must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her
conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze
statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball
under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the
weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the
sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a
necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball
quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal
structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).
3.
According to paragraph 2, sculptors in the Italian Renaissance stopped using
cannonballs in bronze statues of horses because
○they began using a material that made the statues weigh
less
○they found a way to strengthen the statues internally
○the aesthetic tastes of the public had changed over time
○the cannonballs added too much weight to the statues
4.
Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in
the early Italian Renaissance?
○To provide an example of a problem related to the laws
of physics that a fine artist must overcome
○To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws
of physics
○To contrast the relative sophistication of modern
artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics
○To note an exceptional piece of art constructed without
the aid of technology
5.
An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the
most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the
summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are
minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
This
passage discusses fundamental differences between applied-art objects and
fine-art objects.
●
●
●
Answer Choices
○Applied-art objects fulfill functions, such as containing or sheltering,
and objects with the same function have similar characteristics because they
are constrained by their purpose.
○It is easy to recognize that Shang
Dynasty vases are different from Inca vases.
○Fine-art objects are not functional,
so they are limited only by the properties of the materials used.
○Renaissance sculptors learned to use
iron braces to strengthen the internal structures of bronze statues.
○In the twentieth century, fine artists and applied artists became more
similar to one another in their attitudes toward their materials.
○In all periods, fine artists tend to challenge the physical limitations
of their materials while applied artists tend to cooperate with the physical
properties of their materials.
6. Directions: Complete the table below to
summarize information about the two types of art discussed in the passage.
Match the appropriate statements to the types of art with which they are
associated. This question is worth 3
points.
TYPES OF ART STATEMENTS
The
Applied Arts Select 3
●
●
●
The
Fine Arts Select 2
●
●
Statements
○An object's purpose is primarily aesthetic.
○Objects serve a functional purpose.
○The incidental details of objects do not vary.
○Artists work to overcome the limitations of their materials.
○The basic form of objects varies little across cultures.
○Artists work in concert with their materials.
○An object's place of origin is difficult to determine.


参考答案：
1. ○1
This is an
example of a simple pronoun-referent item. The highlighted word they refers to
the phrase “applied-art objects,” which immediately precedes it, so choice 1 is
the correct answer. Often the grammatical referent for a pronoun will be
separated from the pronoun. It may be located in a preceding clause or even in
the preceding sentence.
2. ○1
It is
important to note that the question says that incorrect answers change the
original meaning of the sentence or leave out essential information. In this
example, choice 4 changes the meaning of the sentence to its opposite; it says
that the form of functional objects is arbitrary, when the highlighted sentence
says that the forms of functional objects are never arbitrary. Choice 2 also
changes the meaning. It says that the functions of applied-art objects are
determined by physical laws. The highlighted sentence says that the form of the
object is determined by physical laws but the function is determined by people.
Choice 3 leaves out an important idea from the highlighted sentence. Like the
highlighted sentence, it says that the form of functional objects is not
arbitrary, but it does not say that it is physical laws that determine basic
form. Only choice 1 makes the same point as the highlighted sentence and
includes all the essential meaning.
3. ○2
The question
tells you to look for the answer in paragraph 2. You do not need to skim the
entire passage to find the relevant information. Choice 1 says that sculptors
stopped putting cannonballs under the raised legs of horses in statues because
they learned how make the statue weigh less and not require support for the
leg. The passage does not mention making the statues weigh less; it says that
sculptors learned a better way to support the weight. Choice 3 says that the
change occurred only because people’s taste changed, meaning that the
cannonballs were never structurally necessary. That directly contradicts the
passage. Choice 4 says that the cannonballs weakened the structure of the
statues. This choice also contradicts the passage. Choice 2 correctly
identifies the reason the passage gives for the change: sculptors developed a
way to strengthen the statue from the inside, making the cannonballs physically
unnecessary.
4. ○1
You should
note that the sentence that first mentions “bronze statues of horses” begins
“For example . . .” The author is giving an example of something he has
introduced earlier in the paragraph. The paragraph overall contrasts how the
constraints of physical laws affect the fine arts differently from applied arts
or crafts. The fine artist is not concerned with making an object that is
useful, so he or she is less constrained than the applied artist. However,
because even a fine-arts object is made of some material, the artist must take
into account the physical properties of the material. In the passage, the


author uses the example of the bronze statues of horses to discuss how artists
had to include some support for the raised foreleg of the horse because of the
physical properties of the bronze. So the correct answer is choice 1.
5. ○1, 3, 6
Correct Choices
Choice 1:
Applied art objects fulfill functions, such as containing or sheltering, and
objects with the same function have similar characteristics because they are
constrained by their purpose.
Explanation:
As the introductory sentence states, the passage is mainly a contrast of
applied-art objects and fine-art objects. The main point of contrast is
functionality: applied-art objects are functional, whereas fine-art objects are
not. The first part of the passage explains the consequences of functionality
for the materials and “basic forms” of applied-art objects. The second part of
the passage explains the consequences of not being functional to the materials
and forms of fine-art objects. A good summary of the passage must include the
definition of “applied-art objects” and the major consequence (objects with the
same function will follow similar patterns), so Choice 1 should be included.
Choice 3: Fine-art
objects are not functional, so they are limited only by the properties of the
materials used.
Explanation:
Because the passage contrasts applied art objects and fine-art objects, a good
summary should include the basic difference. Including Choice 3 in the summary
provides the basic contrast discussed in the passage: applied art objects are
functional; fine-art objects are not. Fine-art objects are not as constrained
as applied-art objects because they do not have to perform a function.
Choice 6: In
all periods, fine artists tend to challenge the physical limitations of their
materials, while applied artists tend to cooperate with the physical properties
of their materials.
Explanation:
The last paragraph of the passage presents a further consequence of the basic
contrast between applied-art objects and fine-art objects. This is the
difference between the attitude of fine artists toward their materials and the
attitude of applied artists toward their materials. A good summary will include
this last contrast.
Incorrect Choices
Choice2: It
is easy to recognize that Shang Dynasty vases are different from Inca vases.
Explanation:
Although this statement is true, it is not the main point of the first
paragraph or of the passage. In fact, it contrasts with the main point of the
paragraph: objects that have the same function are all similar. The last
sentence of the first paragraph says that the Shang Dynasty vase and the Inca
vase are different in “incidental details,” but the “basic form” is the same.
Including Choice 2 in the summary misrepresents the passage.
Choice 4:
Renaissance sculptors learned to use iron braces to strengthen the internal


structures of
bronze statues. Explanation: Choice 4 summarizes the information in sentences
9, 10, and 11 of paragraph 2. Within the context of the passage, this
information helps you understand the meaning of the limitations that materials
can impose on fine artists.
However, remember that the directions say to choose the statements that express
the most important ideas in the passage. The example is less important than the
general statements of difference. If Choice 4 is included, then Choice 1 or 3
or 6 would be left out and the summary would be missing an essential point of
contrast between fine arts and applied arts.
Choice 5: In
the twentieth century, fine artists and applied artists became more similar to
one another in their attitudes toward their materials. Explanation: This choice
should be excluded because it is not supported by the passage. It is a
misreading of paragraph 3, which says that the difference in attitude between
fine artists and applied artists has not changed. Obviously, a choice that
contradicts the information or argument in the passage should not be part of
your summary.
6. ○2, 5, 6
○1, 4
Correct Choices
Choice 1: An object’s purpose is primarily aesthetic. (Fine Arts)
Explanation: This is an example of a correct answer that requires you to
identify an abstract concept based on text information and paraphrases of text
information. In paragraph 2, sentence 5, the passage states that the primary
purpose of Fine Art is not function. Then, in paragraph 2, sentence 11, the passage
mentions a situation in which a sculptor had to sacrifice an aesthetic purpose
due to the laws of physics. Putting these statements together, the reader can
infer that fine artists, such as sculptors, are primarily concerned with
aesthetics.
Choice 2: Objects serve a functional purpose. (Applied Arts)
Explanation: This is stated more directly than the previous correct
answer. Paragraph 1, sentences 1, 2, and 3 make it clear how important function
is in the applied arts. At the same time, paragraph 2 states that Fine Arts are
not concerned with function, so the only correct place for this statement is in
the Applied Arts category.
Choice 4: Artists work to overcome the limitations of their materials.
(Fine Arts) Explanation: This is stated explicitly in the last paragraph of the
passage. In that paragraph, it is made clear that this applies only to practitioners
of the fine arts.
Choice 5: The basic form of objects varies little across cultures.
(Applied Arts) Explanation: In paragraph 1, sentence 5, the passage states that
certain laws of physics are universal. Then in sentence 7, that idea is further
developed with the statement that functional forms can vary only within limits.
From these two sentences, you can conclude that because of the laws of physics
and the need for functionality, the basic forms of applied art objects will
vary little across cultures.
Choice 6: Artists work in concert with their materials. (Applied Arts)
Explanation: This is stated explicitly in the last paragraph of the
passage. In that paragraph, it is made clear that this applies only to
practitioners of the applied arts.
Incorrect Choices
Choice 3: The incidental details of objects do not vary.
Explanation: This idea is explicitly refuted by the last sentence of
paragraph 1 in reference to the applied arts. That sentence (referring only to
applied arts) states that the incidental details of such objects do vary, so
this answer cannot be placed in the applied arts category. This subject is not
discussed at all in reference to fine art objects, so it cannot be correctly
placed in that category either.
Choice 7: An object’s place of origin is difficult to determine.
Explanation: This answer choice is implicitly refuted in reference to
applied arts in the next to last sentence of paragraph 1. That sentence notes
that both Shang Dynasty and Inca vases are identifiable as such based upon
differences in detail. By inference, then, it seems that it is not difficult to
determine an applied-art object’s place of origin. Like the previous incorrect
answer, this idea is not discussed at all in reference to fine art objects, so
it cannot be correctly placed in that category either.


译文明天再发

参考译文：
实用艺术和纯艺术
在现代，人们将根据工艺品的制造材质对他们进行分类，如陶土，玻璃，木头，纤维还有金属。但最初人们根据工艺品的功能将他们通通定义为“实用工艺品”。根据工艺品的实用性，我们可以把手工艺品简单分为：容器，遮蔽物，支撑物。毫无疑问它们都是具有一定功能的物品。这些实用工艺品以自然规律为基础，它们的制作材料及其容纳、支撑、遮盖的内容需要符合这些规律。这些规律在工艺品应用过程中非常普遍，不会因文化信仰、地理条件和气候的改变而改变。如果一个壶没有底座，或者在一侧有一个大开口，那么它在任何传统意义上都很难被视为是一个容器。自然规律决定了实用工艺品的一般形式，而不是武断的结论决定的，它们遵循基本的样式，以至于它们的功能不会变化太大。举个例子，没有屋顶的建筑是很少见的，因为它违反了自然规律。但是，并不是所有的功能物品都一模一样，比如我们知道的为什么商代花瓶和印加花瓶不同。它们的区别不是基本功能的不同，而是那些不影响其基本功能的细节存在区别。
实用工艺品的生产者会着重考虑这件工艺品对自然规律的敏感性。所以人们认为对纯工艺品的生产来说也是一样。但这种推断忽略了两种工艺品之间重要的区别。纯工艺品不像实用工艺品那样会受到自然规律的限制。因为它们最主要的并不是体现其功能性，其实它们仅受限于制作材料的性质。比方说雕塑必须要牢固，这就需要了解质量，重力分布和压力的性质。油画必须有坚固的支架，才能让画布保持绷紧，并且油画不可以有毁损，裂纹，褪色。类似困难都是艺术家们必须克服的，这些困扰往往影响了艺术家对于工艺品的设计。就好像在意大利文艺复兴早期，踢出前腿马匹的青铜像往往有一个金属球置于它的前蹄下。这样设计是因为需要金属球来支撑腿的重量。换而言之，摆在那里的金属球是客观条件的需要，而不是艺术家的美学意愿。当雕塑家学会如何了用铁支架加强雕塑的内部结构后（铁比青铜更结实），就不再使用金属球了，由此看来，铁球的使用是对于必要结构性的妥协。
尽管在20世纪纯工艺品的制作通常采用新的制造工艺，人们对两种工艺品的基本态度仍然保持对立。因此，毫不夸张地说，纯艺术工艺品的生产者需要克服原材料的限制进行生产，而从事实用性工艺品的生产者则依据材料的性质来进行生产。


The Origins of Cetaceans
It
should be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are
mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live
young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of
a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities
with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and
pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on
land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record.
How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing
until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land
mammals and cetaceans.
Very
exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most
likely origins of cetaceans. In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern
Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale. The fossil was
officially named Pakicetus in honor of the country where the discovery
was made. Pakicetus was found embedded in rocks formed from river
deposits that were 52 million years old. The river that formed these deposits
was actually not far from an ancient ocean known as the Tethys Sea.
The
fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of
ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil
provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is
cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat
or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably
detected sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks
a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however,
show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of
extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been
suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet
adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.
Another
major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early
whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and
now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago,
12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found
but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg
that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too
small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus
was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or
vestigial, hind legs.
An
even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now
extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that
swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3
million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The
fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong
and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were
certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and
lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The
structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like
modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a
fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On
land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved
around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked
life on land with life at sea
1. Fluke: the two parts that constitute the large
triangular tail of a whale
2. Blowhole: a hole in the top of the head used for breathing


Paragraph
1: It should be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are
mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live
young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of
a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities
with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and
pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on
land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record.
How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing
until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land
mammals and cetaceans.
1.
In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in
cetaceans?
○It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
○It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
○It is the main difference between cetaceans and
land-dwelling mammals.
○It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.
2.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.
○There were great numbers of them.
○They lived in the sea only.
○They did not leave many fossil remains.
Paragraph
3: The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group
of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus
fossil provides precious
details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is cetacean-like but its
jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for
receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably detected
sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks a
blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however, show
experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct
flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been suggested
that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for
life in the open ocean. It
probably bred and gave birth on land.
3.
The word “precious” in the
passage is closest in meaning to
○exact
○scarce
○valuable
○initial
4. Pakicetus and modern cetaceans have
similar
○hearing structures
○adaptations for diving
○skull shapes
○breeding locations
5.
The word “It” in the passage
refers to
○Pakicetus
○fish
○life
○ocean
Paragraph
4: Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of


another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the
Tethys Sea and now exposed in the
Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years
after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included,
for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot
with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported
the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was
undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial,
hind legs.
6.
The word “exposed” in the passage
is closest in meaning to
○explained
○visible
○identified
○located
7.
The hind leg of Basilosaurus was a
significant find because it showed that Basilosaurus
○lived later than Ambulocetus
natans
○lived at the same time as Pakicetus
○was able to swim well
○could not have walked on land
8.
It can be inferred that Basilosaurus
bred and gave birth in which of the following locations
○On land
○Both on land and at sea
○In shallow water
○In a marine environment
Paragraph
5: An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now
extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that
swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3
million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The
fossil luckily includes a good
portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much
like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on
land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means
of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The
structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern
whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke
was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water.
On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have
moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that
linked life on land with life at sea
9.
Why does the author use the word “luckily” in
mentioning that the Ambulocetus natans
fossil included hind legs?
○Fossil legs of early whales are a rare find.
○The legs provided important information about the
evolution of cetaceans.
○The discovery allowed scientists to reconstruct a
complete skeleton of the whale.
○Until that time, only the front legs of early whales had
been discovered.
10.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence
in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave


参考答案：
1. ○2
This
is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be
found in paragraph 1. Choice 2 is the best answer. It is essentially a
rephrasing of the statement in paragraph 1 that blowholes cannot disguise
cetaceans’ affinities with other mammals. The other three choices are refuted,
either directly or indirectly, by that paragraph.
2.
○1
This
is an Inference question asking for information that can be inferred from
paragraph 1 . Choice 1 is the best answer because paragraph 1 says that sea
otters are unlike early mammals whose appearances are not easy to imagine. By
inference, then, the early appearance of sea otters must be easy (or not
difficult) to imagine.
3.
○3
This is a Vocabulary question.
The word being tested is precious. It is highlighted in the passage. The
correct answer is choice 3, "valuable." Anything that is precious is
very important and therefore valuable.
4.
○3
This is a Factual Information
question asking for specific information that can be found in the passage.
Choice 3 is the best answer. Paragraph 3 describes the differences and
similarities between Pakicetus and
modern cetaceans. Sentence 3 of that paragraph states that their skulls are
similar. The other three choices describe differences, not similarities.
5.
○1
This is a Reference question.
The word being tested is It. That word is highlighted in the passage. This is a
simple pronoun referent item. Choice I , "Pakicetus" is the correct answer. The word It here refers to a
creature that probably bred and gave birth on land. Pakicetus is the only one of the choices to which this could apply.
6.
○2
This is a Vocabulary question.
The word being tested is exposed. It is highlighted in the passage. The correct
answer is choice 2, "visible." Exposed means "uncovered." A
skeleton that is uncovered can be seen. Visible means "can be seen."
7.
○ 4
This is a Factual Information
question asking for specific information that can be found in the passage.
Choice 4 is the best answer because it is the only detail about the skeleton of
Basilosaurus
mentioned in paragraph 4, meaning that it is significant. Choice 1 is true, but
it is not discussed in the detail that choice 4 is, and does not represent the
significance of the discovery. Choice 3 is not mentioned, and choice 2 is not
:mentioned.
8.
○4
This is an
Inference question asking for a conclusion that can be drawn from the entire
passage. Choice 4 is the best answer based on the last sentence of paragraph 4,
which describes Basilosaurus as a
fully marine whale. That implies that everything it did, including breeding and
giving birth, could have been done only in a marine environment.


要恶补了。。。没学过托福只背过红宝书6list压力很大。。。

大神！膜拜.表示很有用，收下了。谢谢你.

TPO?