7.自从战争爆发已经3年过去了。
8.自从她离开学校就一直这个工厂工作。
9.没过多久我们就意识到事实真相。
10.需要很久我们才能再次见面。
11.我还没来得及说一句话他就跑开了。
12.由于医生高超的技艺，【上星期做过手术的】那个病人被期望早点康复。
13.他总是梦想将来某天独自环游世界。
14.他梦想经营一家属于自己的公司。
15.作为一名学生，我们应该使(上课做笔记和不时的复习)成为一个 好习惯。
16.难怪他在英语方面取得了如此巨大的进步。
17.(在澳大利亚发现金子)使成千上万的人们相信将要发财了。
18.在大夏天喝冷饮是一件有趣的事情。
19.一个真正的朋友就是一个愿意与你分享快乐与悲伤的人。 20.与其他学生相比，你语法掌握的比较好。


Nowadays, when it comes to studying abroad, it has become a heated topic. Tens of thousands of Chinese students have gone abroad to study.
On the one hand, there are many advantages in attending school abroad. ①To start with(首先), studying abroad provides them with a better language environment which is beneficial to improving their English. ②Secondly, not only can it broaden their horizons but also they can learn advanced knowledge of science and technology.
On the other hand, just as a coin has two sides, there are also some disadvantages. ①For one thing(一则), Most of the students are too young to live alone without any living experience. ②For another(二则), being far away from their homeland, they may feel lonely and homesick, which will have a bad effect on their grade. ③In addition, the cost of living and studying is so high that some parents can’t afford it.
In spite of these, I think advantages are more than disadvantages, so it is advisable(明智的)to attend school abroad .
现今，”出国热“已经成为一个很热门的话题，成百上千的中国留学生出国留学。
一方面，出国留学方面有很多优点。首先，这给他们提供一个【有助于提高英语的】学习环境。其次，他不但能扩宽视野，也使他们能够学习国外先进的技术。
在另一方面，正如硬币都有两方面，”出国热“同样有缺点。一则，大多数学生太小了，【并且缺乏生活经验】而无法单独生活。二则，由于远离祖国(原因状语)，他们时常感到孤独，思乡，【这就影响了学生的成绩】。而且，生活和学习的费用如此高以至于一些家庭负担不起。
尽管如此，我仍然认为利大于弊，所以出国留学是个明智的选择。


1) I had been to Beijing 3 times by last year.
I had been to Beijing 3 times by the end of last year.
I had learnt 2000 words by the time I got to college.
2) The train had left when I got to the station.
He had not learnt English before he came to England.
3) He said he had never been to Beijing.
He thought he had read the book.
4) I had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
5) We didn’t get along as well as we had hoped.
We finished the work earlier than we had expected.
6) It was the first time that he spoke to me in that way.
7) It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
8) No sooner had they heard the news than they rushed into the street.
Hardly had we arrived home when it began to rain

Last Friday, We held a heated discussion about where to go for our spring outing(春游). Some students wanted to go to the amusement park(游乐园), and some would like to go boating, while others showed interest in mountain climbing. Eventually, we had an agreement to go climbing.
The next day, we set out early. While climbing the mountain, we relaxed ourselves by breathing the fresh air and watching the beautiful scene. However, when we reached the top of the mountain, we were surprised to find that there was a lot of rubbish lying on the ground. So we decided to pick them up. At last, with our efforts all the rubbish was cleared off (清理).
Though tired, we still felt very happy. After all, we spent a meaningful day.
上星期五，我们开展了一场热烈的有关去哪春游的讨论。有些学生想去游乐园；有些学生想去划船，而其他的学生对爬山比较感兴趣。最终，我们一致决定去爬山。
第二天，我们很早就出发了。当爬山的时候，我们通过呼吸新鲜空气和欣赏美景来放松自己。然而，当我们到达山顶的时候，我们惊呆了，发现遍地都是垃圾。所以我们决定把他们捡起来。最后，在我们的努力下，所有的垃圾都被清理了。
尽管感到很累，我们仍然十分高兴。毕竟，我们度过了一个有意义的一天。

as 与which 引导非限制性定语从句
相同点：都可以指代整个主句的内容
She was absent from the ceremony, as we expected. She was absent from the ceremony,which we didn’t expect.
区别：1.位置上：as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首，句中或句尾，而which只能放在主句的后面
2.含义上：as 引导的定从和主句是顺承的关系， “正如，正像”；


*********
.such/so …as 引导定从句
such/ so …that引导结果状语从句
He is such a lively boy as everyone likes.(定从句)
He is such a lively boy that everyone likes him.
（结果状从句）
He is such an honest man as we respect him. the same that / as
This is the same book that I lost yesterday.
She has the same book as I lost yesterday.


只能用 that
①当先行词为all, much, something,anything等不定代词时
② 先行词被every, no, some, any, little等修饰时
③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时
⑤ 先行词是疑问词who, which时
a. Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
b. Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
⑥ 当先行词既有人又有物时

**must 1.必须(主观)—(客观)have to不得不
2. mustn’t/must not do sth禁止做…
对must进行否定回答时,用needn’t/don’t have to没必要
3.表推测,“一定，准是”
不存在 mustn’t have done
**should 1. 竟然
2.表 推测 按理说，估计，应当
**can/could 1.表能力 “能” 2.表请求，许可 “可以” 3.表理论上的可能性，“有时候可能会” 4.表推测 “也许，或许” 否定句/疑问句can/could…have done?可能做过吗？ can’t/couldn’t have done不可能做过
**may/might 1.表请求，许可, 2. 表推测，可能，或许
位于句首表可能时，用can Can the story be true?
肯能性比must小，may/might have done可能做过…
&& 虚拟： might/could have done本可以做…


1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。
如：What shall we do this evening?
2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
如：Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3. Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
如：You shall fail if you don't work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）
He shall be punished. （威胁）
4.shall用于所有人称表示 规章，制度，法令，条例 表 必须
This law shall come into effect on May 1st.
shall用于疑问句表示征询对方意见时，意思是“干……好吗？”“要不要干……？
Shall I turn on the light？要不要开灯？

My name is Lihua. I was born in Jiyuan city, Henan province in February 1987. It was in Jiyuan No.1 middle school that I studied from 2003 to 2006.After that I was admitted to Nanjing University and graduated this summer. What’s more, the main subjects [ I majored in ] at university included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer. Not only is English my favorite but also I am good at computer as well. In addition, I won the first prize in the school computer competition last year. In my spare time, I enjoy listening to music and collecting stamps. When it comes to sport, I prefer to swimming in summer and skating in winter. I would appreciate it if you can save some time to take it into consideration. Look forward to seeing your reply.


我叫李华，出生于1987年2月，河南省济源市。2003年至2006年我就读于济源一中。在那之后，被南京大学录取，今年毕业。而且，在校主修课程包括语文，数学，英语，物理，化学和计算机。我不但喜欢英语也擅长计算机。并且，去年在全校电脑竞赛中获第一名。业余时间，我喜欢听音乐和收集邮票。当谈到体育的时候，我更喜欢夏天游泳和冬天滑冰。
如果您能抽出时间考虑一下，我将不胜感激。 期待你的回音。


some teenagers have acquired some bad habits. For instance, some students stay up late very late playing computer games. As a result, they get up so late as to miss the breakfast. They would rather watch TV for many hours than take some physical exercise for half an hour. What’s worse, some students prefer to eat varieties of junk food, smoke and drink. As a matter of fact, getting into(养成) these bad habits does great harm to our health.
As(正如) many health experts suggest, everyone should have a good breakfast. Then save some time for physical activities which will be of great help to us. In addition, never smoke cigarettes or drink wines, and try not to get online to chat or play games. Finally, eat more fresh fruit and vegetables and you may stay fit(保持身体健康) to a certain extent.
After all, for ourselves, What’s the most important thing is health itself.
一些青少年养成了很多坏习惯。例如，有的学生通宵玩电脑游戏。因此，他们起的很晚以至于错过早餐。他们宁愿连着数小时看电视也不愿意花半小时锻炼身体。更糟糕的是，有的学生喜欢吃各种各样的垃圾食品，抽烟和喝酒。事实上，养成这些坏习惯对我们身体危害极大。 正如很多健康专家建议的一样，人们应该吃早餐。然后抽出来一些时间锻炼身体，这将对我们有极大帮助。而且，绝不抽烟和喝酒，并且尽量不上网聊天和玩游戏。最后，如果多吃点蔬菜和水果的话，在一定程度上，你将保持身体健康。 毕竟，对我们来说，最终要的是健康本身。