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Whether/if
whether和if的用法区别:
1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。如:
正: Let me know whether you can come or not.
误: Let me know if you can come or not.
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如:
正: Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
误: If it is true or not, I can’t tell.
3. whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如:
正: I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
误: I don’t know if to accept or refuse.
4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如:
正: I worry about(介词) whether I hurt her feelings.
误: I worry about if I hurt her
feelings.
5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如:
正: It was uncertain whether(主语从句) he would come.
误: It was uncertain if he would come.
正: His first question was whether(表语从句)r Tom had arrived yet.
误: His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.
正: We must consider the question whether(同位语从句) we will take these measures.
误: We must consider the question if we will take these
measures.



1楼2011-11-10 08:51回复
    反义疑问句:
    形式:
    陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为 前肯后否
    陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为 前否后肯
     否定意义的词:
    1)当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定意义的词汇时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式:
       2)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,也就是有un-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词,当做肯定句处理,疑问部分要用否定形式。如:
      He looks unhappy, doesn't he?他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
    The girl dislikes history, doesn't she?这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?
    3)有less, fewer等词视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。
     There will be less pollution, won't there?
    表示主语主观意愿的词
      含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。
      (1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如:
      I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
      We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
      值得注意的是,当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式。例如:
      I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
      Wedon't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?
     (2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关...)。
    反义疑问句回答:
     当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意:
      "It isn’t cheap, is it?" "Yes, it is(cheap)."
    “它不便宜吧?”“不,很便宜。”
      "He doesn’t love her, does he?" "No, he doesn’t."
    “他不爱她,是吗?”“是的,他不爱她。”
    当陈述部分为肯定式,反义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:
      "It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is."
    “是新的,对吗?”“对,是新的。


    3楼2011-11-10 08:56
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      How/what 感叹句
      How +(形容词+ a +名词)+ 陈述语序
      How+(形容词或副词)+ 陈述语序
      What +(名词)+ 陈述语序
      What+ (a+形容词+名词)+ 陈述语序
      What+ (形容词+复数名词)+ 陈述语序
      What+ (形容词+不可数名词)+ 陈述语序
      感叹句的省略形式为:
      What (a clever boy)(名词短语) (he is)!
      How beautiful(形容词)(you are)!
      使用“How…!”或“What(a)…!”的句式,例如:
      How cruel(形容词)(they are)!
      How beautiful (形容词)(these flowers are )!
      How clever(形容词) a boy he is!
      What a clever boy(名词短语) he is!
      What noise(名词) they are making!
      What wonderful ideas (名词短语) (we have)!
      What cold weather(名词短语) (it is)!
      How beautiful(形容词) you are, Helen!
      What (a beautiful flower)(名词短语) it is!


      4楼2011-11-10 08:57
      回复
        先到这里,我抽空把句子转换给你弄出来。


        5楼2011-11-10 08:58
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          谢啦~~~~~~~~我抱走~~~~~~~~~~~~


          6楼2011-11-10 19:16
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            句型转换
            第一类是改变句子意思。
            类似于肯定变否定,陈述变疑问,陈述变感叹,恶心点陈述变反义疑问。
            肯定句变否定比较简单了 ,最基础的就是动词变动词否定。比如is 变成isn’t(助动词),play 变成don’t play(动词)。
            赶脚比较容易错的应该是have。要注意下如果是 I have a dog .里面的have 是动词,如果否定的话要改成 I don’t have a dog.但是如果是 I have done my homework 这种的话就要记得have是作为现在完成式,要改成I haven’t done my homework yet.
            还有一种就是情态动词 的must变成否定要改成needn’t。
            例:You must finish your homework tonight。改成否定应该是you needn’t finish your homework tonight.
            一些关联词的否定也要注意。Both 改成否定是neither(两者)。All 改否定是None(三者以上)。
            陈述句改疑问句的话分成,一般疑问,特殊疑问,选择疑问,反义疑问。
            一般疑问 主要看动词时态,动词一般现在时用Do/Does开头,一般过去时用Did开头,一般完成Have/Has,过去完成Had。
            特殊疑问一般就是What/who /whose/which/ When/where/How.开头。根据提问的部分选择。
            选择疑问就是which开头。有一点需要注意的是在对名词提问时候,没有范围的要用what提问,而有给出范围的就要用which。
            e.g. What whould you like to read?(没有范围)which book would you like to read in this library?
            反义疑问句和感叹句就参考之前讲的句型根据划线部分选择。
            单复数的转换就……背单词吧。注意单复数同形的词和复数形式很奇怪的词比如foot-feet这样的。
            改变句意的大致就这样。
            如果有具体例子再具体分析^-^
            


            7楼2011-11-12 07:26
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              爹娘这是在干甚。。。= =


              8楼2011-11-13 11:24
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