constructivism，大二就没弄懂的理论

现实主义（我最喜欢这个，哈哈）强调，因为international society 的状态(anarchy），没有一个overarching authority, state必须依靠自己，特别是在安全问题上。一个国家的power增加意味着另一个国家相对力量下降。代表人物kenneth waltz

但是constructivism对此提出不同意见，代表人物 Alexander Wendt

引自wiki
（温特的东西汉语都看不懂，别说该死的英语了）
But Wendt goes further than this - arguing that because the way in which Anarchy constrains states depends on the way in which States conceive of Anarchy, and conceive of their own identities and interests, Anarchy is not necessarily even a 'self-help' system. It only forces states to self-help if they conform to Neorealist assumptions about states as seeing security as a competitive, relative concept, where the gain of security for any one state means the loss of security for another. If States instead hold alternative conceptions of security, either 'co-operative', where states can maximise their security without negatively affecting the security of another, or 'collective' where states identify the security of other states as being valuable to themselves, Anarchy will not lead to self-help at all

也就是说，international society 的anarchy 对state行为的影响，是来自于state 对它的认知和感受（这是个唯心主义的理论貌似，认知和感受导致了目前的行为？）
国家如果认为secuirity is competitive. one state gains power means the loss of power of others.那么国际社会的anarchy状态确实是 self-help system
但是，如果国家认为安全问题是可以合作的，或者认可集体安全，那么anarchy will not lead to self help at all
大致翻译了一下wiki的内容


继续抄wiki
Constructivists ：states'identities and interests become important in analyzing how they behave.这个identity 和interest 并不是来自现实主义者强调的material force,而是 the result of ideas and the social construction of such ideas.也就是社会构建与social interaction影响了国家的identities和interests?
又糊涂了！！！

汉语的ｗｉｋｉ
与结构现实主义和新自由主义不同的是，建构主义认为人、组织或国家的行为都是社会建构的，并不遵循一个不变的秩序或原理。亚历山大·温特提出了构件主义的两个核心概念：一，人类的社会结构是由人类社会的主流观点塑造成的，而不是由物质力量驱使成的；二，社会舞台上出现的角色受到的影响来自于他们的身份和兴趣、而不是本性。[1].

现实主义（我最喜欢这个，哈哈）强调，因为国际社会的无政府状态(anarchy），没有一个overarching authority, 国家必须依靠自己，特别是在安全问题上。一个国家的power增加意味着另一个国家相对力量下降。代表人物kenneth waltz

其实写这个东西完全是因为reading才读到第8页就遇到讨厌的词汇，读不下去了……
做个笔记，然后整理IO相关

regime theory:又是一个讨厌的概念

regime theory 与liberalism 有相似之处，认为国际社会虽然是anarchy的，但是也是可以cooperation的。
Regime theory is a theory within international relations derived from the liberal tradition that argues that international institutions or regimes affect the behavior of states (or other international actors). It assumes that cooperation is possible in the anarchic system of states, as regimes are by definition instances of international cooperation.

此处regime的定义
Krasner defines regimes as "institutions possessing norms, decision rules, and procedures which facilitate a convergence of expectations."(see Krasner 1983).
不懂不懂不懂…………
或者理解为International institution？它们影响国家行为？