英文名篇赏析

3 Beyond pointing out these general truisms (常识), I shall confine(局限)my discussion to the general areas of Asia. Before one may objectively assess (评估) the situation now existing there, he must comprehend something of Asia's past and the revolutionary changes which have marked her course up to the present. Long exploited(盘剥)by the so-called colonial powers, with little opportunity(机遇)to achieve any degree of social justice(社会正义), individual dignity(个人尊严), or a higher standard of life such as guided our own noble administration in the Philippines, the peoples of Asia found their opportunity in the war just past to throw off the shackles of colonialism(殖民主义镣铐)and now see the dawn(曙光)of new opportunity, a heretofore unfelt dignity, and the self-respect of political freedom.
Translation: xql3009
3 论述此些常识外，我会专注论述亚洲主要地区。为能客观评估亚洲现存局势，人们有必要了解亚洲的过去和影响之今的革命性变革。亚洲长久受到所谓殖民势力的盘剥，几乎没有得到任何程度的社会公义，个人尊严，较高生活水平。现菲律宾执政当局正为此努力。在刚结束的战争中，亚洲人民抓住了机会甩掉了殖民主义镣铐，迎来了新机遇的曙光，体验到了前所未有的尊严，政治开放的自尊。
1 “I shall confine (局限) my discussion to the general areas of Asia.”being the topic idea of paragraph 3.
2 注意不用动词否定的否定方法：
A：Without simultaneously(同时)undermining(放弃)our efforts to halt(停止)its advance in Europe(在欧洲不放弃对共产主义扩张的抵抗) Without undermining---, 不放弃---。
B: With little opportunity---，几乎没有---。

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4 Mustering(拥有)half of the earth's population, and 60 percent of its natural resources these peoples are rapidly consolidating a new force, both moral and material, with which to raise the living standard and erect(建立)adaptations of the design of modern progress to their own distinct(独特)cultural environments. Whether one adheres(坚持)to the concept(理念)of colonization or not, this is the direction of Asian progress and it may not be stopped. It is a corollary(结局)to the shift of the world economic frontiers as the whole epicenter of world affairs(世界事务中心)rotates back(回到)toward the area whence(从那)it started.
4 拥有地球一半人口和60%的自然资源，亚洲人民正在迅速蕴建物质和理念上的新力量，以此来提高人民生活水平，及建立符合自己独特文化氛围的现代蓝图。这是亚洲人民不可阻挡的前进方向，人们是否留恋殖民时代的理念无关要乎。这是世界经济格局转移的结果，而世界事务中心又回到了它的原始点亚洲。
1 不可否认麦氏的真知灼见，60年后世界格局确是如此。不过美国的影响力日益衰减，新兴体携带着巨大的冲击力，震撼着全球。
2现在分词Mustering的逻辑主语是these peoples(亚洲人民) 。
3 . “ It is a corollary(结局)to the shift of the world economic frontiers as the whole epicenter of world affairs(世界事务中心)rotates back(回到)toward the area whence(从那)it started，”is the topic idea of paragraph 4.


6 Of more direct and immediate bearing upon our national security are the changes wrought(形成)in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean(太平洋区域战略潜能)in the course of the past war. Prior thereto the western strategic frontier of the United States lay on the littoral line of the Americas(美洲环海线), with an exposed island salient(突显)extending out through Hawaii, Midway, and Guam to the Philippines. That salient proved not an outpost of strength(力量支点)but an avenue of weakness(薄弱环节)along which the enemy could and did attack.
Translation:xql3009
6 已毕战役表明，对我国家安全构成更为直接和紧迫的态势乃太平洋区域战略潜能业已形成的变化。在此之前，美利坚合众国西部战略前沿由美洲环海线构成，从夏威夷至中途岛，关岛及菲律宾延伸出一条重要岛链。事实证明岛链不是力量支点，而是一个薄弱环节，敌人能并成功地袭击过。
1 Of more direct and immediate bearing upon our national security are the changes wrought(形成)in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean(太平洋区域战略潜能)in the course of the past war. Topic sentence.
2注意又一个到装句。
Of more direct and immediate bearing upon our national security are the changes wrought(形成)in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean(太平洋区域战略潜能)in the course of the past war.
Rephrasing: The changes wrought(形成)in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean(太平洋区域战略潜能)in the course of the past war are of more direct and immediate bearing upon our national security.
仔细看rephrasing一句，“ The changes wrought(形成)in the strategic potential of the Pacific Ocean(太平洋区域战略潜能)in the course of the past war，” 作句子主语，主语太长太重，有头重脚轻之嫌。而原文要平衡得多，结构更美更合理。
3 “ could and did attack ” 比“ was able to attack ” 更强调已成的事实，虽然语义内涵一模一样。


7 The Pacific was a potential area of advance for any predatory force(攻击力量) intent upon striking at the bordering land areas. All this was changed by our Pacific victory. Our strategic frontier then shifted to embrace(包括)the entire Pacific Ocean, which became a vast moat(堑壕)to protect us as long as we held it. Indeed, it acts as a protective shield(防御带)for all of the Americas and all free lands of the Pacific Ocean area. We control it to the shores of Asia by a chain of islands extending in an arc from the Aleutians(阿留申群岛)to the Mariannas(马里亚那群岛) held by us and our free allies. From this island chain we can dominate with sea and air power every Asiatic port from Vladivostok(符拉迪沃斯托克)to Singapore -- with sea and air power every port, as I said, from Vladivostok to Singapore -- and prevent any hostile movement into the Pacific.
7 企图袭击我临海陆地的任何进攻力量把太平洋作为潜在跃进地带。太平洋战争的胜利彻底改变了这点。我们的战略前沿延伸至整个太平洋，只要我们守住该区域，太平洋成为了保护我们的巨大堑壕。事实上，太平洋构成了美洲本土和太平洋地区自由世界的防御地带。通过从阿留申群岛至马里亚那群岛这样一条弧形岛链，现为我们及自由盟邦所占领，我们控制了太平洋及亚洲的海岸线。以该岛链为基点，我们的海空力量可以掌控亚洲所有的港口，从符拉迪沃斯托克到新加坡---确如我言，海空力量可以掌控亚洲所有的港口，从符拉迪沃斯托克到新加坡---以此来阻滞任何进入太平洋的敌意动作。
1 美海军现行思维可以清晰地追溯到马氏的海权论；两洋战略，两线战事可以追溯到麦氏先辈。
2 The Pacific was a potential area of advance for any predatory force(攻击力量) intent upon striking at the bordering land areas. Topic idea.
3 -- with sea and air power every port, as I said, from Vladivostok to Singapore --. 插入短语一般都用逗号分开，用破折号更为强烈，加重份量。
4 (简单句)The Pacific was a potential area of advance for any predatory force(攻击力量) intent upon striking at the bordering land areas. (简单句)All this was changed by our Pacific victory. (复合句)Our strategic frontier then shifted to embrace(包括)the entire Pacific Ocean, which became a vast moat(堑壕)to protect us as long as we held it. (并列句)Indeed, it acts as a protective shield(防御带)for all of the Americas and all free lands of the Pacific Ocean area.
句法结构：先两个简单句，再一个复合句接并列句。十分平衡完美。
5 (简单句)All this was changed by our Pacific victory. 特别铿锵有力。


8 Any predatory attack from Asia must be an amphibious(两栖)effort. No amphibious force can be successful without control of the sea lanes(海上通道)and the air over those lanes in its avenue of advance. With naval and air supremacy(空中优势)and modest ground elements to defend bases, any major attack from continental Asia toward us or our friends in the Pacific would be doomed to failure(将注定失败).
8 任何源自亚洲欲对我实施突袭攻击的力量必定为水陆两栖性。而不具有对该跃进区域海上通道及海道空中控制，两栖兵力都不可能取得成功。任何来自亚洲大陆对我或太平洋盟邦的重大攻袭将注定失败，因我拥有海空优势及适量保护基地之地面部队。
1又一不用否定词的否定实列：“ without control of the sea lanes(海上通道)and the air over those lanes in its avenue of advance。” 而不具有对该跃进区域海上通道及空中控制。
Without control of---，对---不具控制。
2 “would be doomed to failure“ (将注定失败). 这是一种虚拟语气，假设性。
3 With naval and air supremacy (空中优势) and modest ground elements to defend bases----.提示：该介词短语对部分读者会略有疑惑，因为它的逻辑主语不是句子主语；意义主语为“我” 即美国。Rephrasing: With our naval and air supremacy (空中优势)and modest ground elements to defend bases---.特添加our便于理解。
4 Any predatory attack from Asia must be an amphibious(两栖)effort。Topic idea.


9 Under such conditions, the Pacific no longer represents menacing(威胁) avenues of approach for a prospective invader(潜在入侵者). It assumes, instead, the friendly aspect of a peaceful lake. Our line of defense is a natural one and can be maintained with a minimum of military effort and expense. It envisions(预期) no attack against anyone, nor does it provide the bastions(堡垒) essential for offensive operations, but properly maintained, would be an invincible defense against aggression(不可逾越的防线). The holding of this littoral defense line in the western Pacific(西太平洋环海防线) is entirely dependent upon holding all segments(环节) thereof; for any major breach(突破) of that line by an unfriendly power would render(导致) vulnerable to determined attack every other major segment.
9在此情况下，太平洋不再成为潜在侵略者入侵威胁之途径。相反，它呈现为和平友善景观的湖泊。我们的防线是天然形成的，只需极少兵力和费用便可维持。该防线不预备用来攻击任何对象，也不会成为军事进攻之必需堡垒，但经营好，将成为侵略者不可逾越的防线。把守住这条西太平洋环海防线完全取决于该防线的所有环节的把守；因为敌对力量一旦突破该防线将导致各个主要环节不堪一击。
1注意否定词 nor先行，助动词“does”位置在主语前：“nor does it provide the bastions(堡垒) essential for offensive operations ”--- 。
2 “for any major breach(突破) of that line by an unfriendly power would render(导致) vulnerable to determined attack every other major segment ”.
Would render---,将导致---，是假设虚拟。
3 The holding of this littoral defense line in the western Pacific(西太平洋环海防线) is entirely dependent upon holding all segments(环节) thereof; for any major breach(突破) of that line by an unfriendly power would render(导致) vulnerable to determined attack every other major segment.
This ending sentence of paragraph 9 is the topic center with desired end focus.


10 This is a military estimate(军事评估) as to which I have yet to find a military leader who will take exception. For that reason, I have strongly recommended in the past, as a matter of military urgency(紧急军情), that under no circumstances must Formosa(台湾) fall under Communist control. Such an eventuality would at once threaten the freedom of the Philippines and the loss of Japan and might well force our western frontier(西部前线) back to the coast of California, Oregon and Washington.
10 此乃军事评估，我尚未发现对此持有异议的军事将领。有鉴与此，我曾强调过，在任何情况下福摩萨绝不能陷落共产主义控制之中，这是紧迫的军事考量。一旦失去福摩萨，将即刻威胁到菲律宾自主，威胁到日本的陷落，并将迫使我们西部前线退缩至加利福尼亚，俄勒冈，及华盛顿海岸。
1 --- that under no circumstances must Formosa(台湾) fall under Communist control.
注意又一列否定词位置前置under no circumstances，及情态动词must的位置：“ under no circumstances must Formosa(台湾) fall---。”
2 福摩萨是葡萄牙对台湾的音译，带有歧视；考虑到麦氏为上个世纪早期人物，不予批评。考虑到事实上他未经请示白宫造访台湾，受到元首般礼遇，亲吻了宋美龄的玉手，选该词不会是故意歧视。
3 “ ---would at once threaten---，” 又一个假设虚拟。
4 Such an eventuality would at once threaten the freedom of the Philippines and the loss of Japan and might well force our western frontier(西部前线) back to the coast of California, Oregon and Washington.
This is the conclusion of paragraph 10, as well as the centre of the topic.


回的。只是当屏删到原文，我无能为力。今后会选纯文学一类。

11 To understand the changes which now appear upon the Chinese mainland, one must understand the changes in Chinese character and culture(中国本质和文化) over the past 50 years. China, up to 50 years ago, was completely non-homogenous(非一统), being compartmented(分隔) into groups divided against each other. The war-making tendency was almost non-existent, as they still followed the tenets(信条) of the Confucian ideal of pacifist culture(和睦文化). At the turn of the century, under the regime of Chang Tso Lin(张作霖), efforts toward greater homogeneity(一统) produced the start of a nationalist urge(民族独立追求). This was further and more successfully developed under the leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek(蒋介石), but has been brought to its greatest fruition(结局) under the present regime(统治) to the point that it has now taken on the character of a united nationalism(民族主义) of increasingly dominant, aggressive tendencies(日益强势咄咄逼人).
11 为理解现中国大陆所发生的变化，人们必需了解过去五十多年来中国本质和文化之演化。五十年前的中国完全呈非一统性，被分隔成诸多相互对立的势力集团。因他们仍奉行孔子和睦文化的理念信条，几乎没有发动战争的倾向。本世纪初在张作霖统治下，对大一统的追求催发了主张民族独立的源头。在蒋介石的领导下，该追求发展更深为成功，然而在现今统治下该势头局面达到极点，统一民族主义特征日呈强势，咄咄逼人。
1 “ ---one must understand the changes---，”
注意：ONE 在此泛指“人们” ，在本文经常出现。
2 “To understand the changes which now appear upon the Chinese mainland---”
动词不定式“To understand--- ” 为目的状语。
3 ), “--- but has been brought to its greatest fruition(结局)--- ”
该并列句的主语仍是“THIS” ，意：“民族独立追求” 。
4 To understand the changes which now appear upon the Chinese mainland, one must understand the changes in Chinese character and culture(中国本质和文化) over the past 50 years.
This opening sentence is the topic idea of paragraph 11, supported by detailed descriptions followed, though not very accurate and sound, particularly the mention of the name of “Chang Tso Lin” revealing the limited knowledge of Mr Macarthur for China affairs. This weakness might be the cause leading him to his Waterloo in Korea.


12 Through these past 50 years the Chinese people have thus become militarized in their concepts and in their ideals. They now constitute(建立) excellent soldiers, with competent staffs and commanders. This has produced a new and dominant power(强大军力)in Asia, which, for its own purposes, is allied with Soviet Russia(苏俄)but which in its own concepts and methods has become aggressively imperialistic(帝国主义), with a lust for expansion(扩张意图)and increased power normal to this type of imperialism.
12 在这过去的五十年中，中国人思维理念业已呈显军事态化。他们现组建了优良的兵员，司令官和军事人员颇具才能。这就在亚洲产生了一支新而强大的军力，为了自身目标和苏俄联合，但此等联合的理念及方式使这个力量变成攻击性帝国主义，此类帝国主义通常有强化军力和扩张的意图。
1特别注意时态的运用：全是一般现在时，和现在完成时，是有目的和理由的。
A：一般现在时：They now constitute (建立) excellent soldiers, --- 。他们现组建了优良的 兵员---。
-- is allied with Soviet Russia----。和苏俄联合---。
B：现在完成时：Chinese people have thus become militarized---。中国人(思想理念) 现已呈显军事态化---。
This has produced a new and dominant power---。产生了一支新而强大的军力---。
---，which in its own concepts and methods has become aggressively imperialistic---。此等联合的理念及方式使这个力量变成攻击性帝国主义---。
麦氏被解职是1951年4月。1950年1月4号，中国人民志愿军39军和部分朝鲜人民军攻克汉城。“一支新而强大的军力”推进到三八线附近。刚发生不久的事件和麦氏1951年4月19日发表演讲实践紧密相联。不仅仅是时态运用，更有解脱失利意思在内，因为在此以前他对军事态势和解放军军力的评估十分可笑。解放军不是“一支新而强大的军力，” 而是“他们的军队装备比人民军还差，---参战是在自取灭亡。”毫不夸张地说，麦克阿瑟犯了兵家大忌：轻敌，盲目自信，高傲自大；未战先输一筹(不展开了，会慢慢叙叨)。
2 Through these past 50 years the Chinese people have thus become militarized in their concepts and in their ideals.在这过去的五十年中，中国人思维理念业已呈显军事态化.
This is the topic sentence which further developed into the conclusion that “This has produced a new and dominant power(强大军力)in Asia, which, for its own purposes, is allied with Soviet Russia(苏俄)but which in its own concepts and methods has become aggressively imperialistic(帝国主义), with a lust for expansion(扩张意图)and increased power normal to this type of imperialism.” 这就在亚洲产生了一支新而强大的军力，为了自身目标和苏俄联合，但此等联合的理念及方式使这个力量变成攻击性帝国主义，此类帝国主义通常有强化军力和扩张的意图。

13 There is little of the ideological concept(意识形态)either one way or another in the Chinese make-up(国体结构). The standard of living is so low and the capital accumulation(资金积累)has been so thoroughly dissipated(消耗)by war that the masses are desperate and eager to follow any leadership which seems to promise the alleviation of local stringencies(短缺).
13 中国国体结构方面甚少带有意识形态色彩。生活水平如此之低，战争又消耗掉如此多资金积累，以致人们悲愤，渴望任何能许诺带领他们走出短缺困境的领导者。
1 注意否定方式：“---little of the ideological concept---，” ---甚少带有意识形态色彩。
2 句法结构：简单句加并立复合句。
简单句：There is little of the ideological concept(意识形态)either one way or another in the Chinese make-up(国体结构).
并立复合句：The standard of living is so low and the capital accumulation(资金积累)has been so thoroughly dissipated(消耗)by war that the masses are desperate and eager to follow any leadership which seems to promise the alleviation of local stringencies(短缺).
句法结构的变换是修辞的重要手段。
3 This paragraph demonstrates that Mr Macarthur, though a competent military commander, was completely ignorant of the new founding of the PRC. It has been a vivid illustration of his weaknesses in comprehending modern politics.
4 The opening sentence is logically supported by the following narration, very awkward indeed.