先是录音

一 名词性从句
名词性从句在本质上是将句子当成名词使用
名词在句中充当四种成分：主语、表语、宾语、和同位语
A 主语从句
,名词性从句     从句引导词     例句
主语从句     that,wh-词，if(if 不能位于句首)     1 It doesn’t matter whether/ if people will buy it.
2 What happened on that day will be forever etched in our memory.
3 Why dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery.
宾语从句     that, wh-词,if      1 He is quite aware of how risky this investment is.
2 The report made it clear that parties involved are trying every effort to solve the problem of pollution.
表语从句     that, wh-词     1 What I particularly dislike about this lesson is that it is really boring.
2 That’s why most divorced women regard themselves as victims.
同位语从句     that, whether, wh-词     1 Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
2They faced the problem whether they could get the loan from the bank.
Sliver stains whatever it touches.
1 that 引导的主语从句：@that 主语从句谓语句首   @ it 作形式主语+ that 主语从句位于句末 。二者可相互转换。
Eg That oil prices will rise a gain this year is nearly certain.
改写成it 作形式主语：It is nearly certain that oil prices will rise again this year.
It is certain that the experiments were unsuccessful.
改写成that 句型： That the experiments were unsuccessful is certain.
Exercise: 我们期待明天明天会下雨。
We expect that it will rain tomorrow._____ That it will rain tomorrow is expected by us.
2 what 引导的主语从句
@What 在主语从句中主语
Eg What most touches me in this movie is the silent ending.
Eg What happened on that day will be forever etched in our memory.
@What 在主语从句中作宾语
Eg I can’t imagine what he will do next.
Exercise：吸引我的他们所展示的风度。
———What attracts me is the manner they have showed.
3 同位语从句
The tragic news reached her that her beloved brother had been killed for anti-Nazi activities.
辨别与关系从句的区别
Eg They were all shocked at the news that was released just a few minutes ago
Exercise: 他是个骗子的事实已被证实。——The fact that he is a liar is proved.
二名词性从句从的简化
1 That 引导的主语从句的简化（可以简化为带逻辑主语的动名词分句）
@That 引导的主语从句位于句首
Eg That he couldn’t come disappointed us. ——His not being able to come disappointed us.
@That 引导的主语从句位于句末
It was estimated that he won the game.
Exercise ：改写——His wining the game was estimated.
2 从句的简化
①宾语从句简化为动名词分句
Eg He complained that the project wasn’t finished on time。___________He complained of the project not being finished on time.
Point :that 引导的主、宾语从句简化为带逻辑主语的动名词分句的四部
a 确定主语：如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语不一致，则可以考虑转换为带逻辑主语的动名词结构。
b 确定谓语：再看谓语接宾语时有无必要增加介词。
c 确定动名词：将从句中的谓语改为动名词。
d确定动名词的逻辑主语。
@正式语体中，如果逻辑主语是代词，用所有格 如his； 非正式语体中可用宾格 如him
@如果逻辑主语是无生命词，如government， 用普通格形式，如government
@如果逻辑主语是有生命的单数名词，如the man，用普通格形式， the man.
@如果逻辑主语是复数名词或较长的词组，用普通格。
Eg He knew the unemployment figure had been on the rise in recent years.     P218
__________ I knew the unemployment figure being on the rise in recent years.
Eg Some parents object that the school assigns students too much homework.
___________ Some parents object to the school assigning students too much homework.
Exercise   He informed the police that some documents were missing.
_________He informed the police of some documents missing
②宾语从句简化为不定式分句。P218
•在有that 引导的宾语从句中， 从句的主语与主句的主语相同。
•在what-词引导的宾语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语相同。
•在所有可简化的宾语从句中，从句中的谓语往往含有情态或将来时意义。
Eg He hopes he can pursue further studies in this filed abroad. ___________He hopes to pursue further studies in this filed abroad.
Eg She can’t decide whether she should vote for Clint. __________She can’t decide whether to vote for Clint.
Exercise: I expect that I can finish the task within this week.____ I expect to finish the task within this week.
③ 同位语从句的简化
•由that 引导的同位语从句可简化为带逻辑主语的动名词分句。和上面的将宾语从句简化为动名词分句规律相似。
•转换时，在同位语所修饰的名词后加上介词of /to或 about, 以表示同位语关系。
Eg   There is a possibility that the wooden houses will catch fire easily.
__________ There is a possibility of the wooden houses catching fire easily.
Exercise: There is no evidence that he is guilty. ________There is no evidence of his being guilty.